Table 3. Logistic Regression Results of the Association Between Gestational Diabetes Status and Dietary Behaviors in a Sample of Women Aged 20–44 (n = 3,034), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2014.
| Variables | Cholesterol Intake |
Sodium Intake |
Fiber Intake |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P Value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P Value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Gestational diabetes | 1.05 (0.75–1.50) | .79 | 0.75 (0.41–1.37) | .34 | 0.94 (0.58–1.54) | .81 |
| Year | ||||||
| 2007–2008 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | |||
| 2009–2010 | 0.88 (0.67–1.15) | .33 | 0.72 (0.50–1.04) | .08 | 1.38 (0.80–2.38) | .24 |
| 2011–2012 | 1.17 (0.87–1.57) | .28 | 0.52 (0.32–0.86) | .01 | 1.72 (0.97–3.06) | .06 |
| 2013–2014 | 0.81 (0.61–1.07) | .13 | 0.49 (0.31–0.75) | .002 | 2.03 (1.18–3.49) | .01 |
| Age | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | .46 | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | .11 | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) | .59 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | |||
| Non-Hispanic black | 0.57 (0.44–0.73) | <.001 | 1.15 (0.83–1.58) | .39 | 0.54 (0.34–0.87) | .01 |
| Mexican American | 0.57 (0.45–0.73) | <.001 | 0.96 (0.54–1.70) | .88 | 2.06 (1.44–2.94) | <.001 |
| Othera | 0.63 (0.48–0.82) | .001 | 0.76 (0.45–1.29) | .31 | 1.36 (0.87–2.13) | .18 |
| Education level | ||||||
| <High school graduate | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | |||
| High school graduate | 1.18 (0.86–1.62) | .29 | 0.99 (0.60–1.64) | .96 | 0.51 (0.28–0.91) | .02 |
| ≥Some college | 0.98 (0.75–1.27) | .85 | 0.77 (0.48–1.24) | .27 | 1.19 (0.76–1.86) | .45 |
| Ratio of family income to federal poverty level | ||||||
| <100% | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| 100%–199% | 1.00 (0.77–1.30) | >.99 | 1.09 (0.74–1.62) | .65 | 0.99 (0.63–1.57) | .97 |
| ≥200% | 1.05 (0.79–1.38) | .74 | 0.44 (0.29–0.69) | <.001 | 1.36 (0.86–2.13) | .18 |
| BMI category | ||||||
| Not overweight or obese (<25 kg/m2) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | |||
| Overweight (25–30 kg/m2) | 0.90 (0.68–1.19) | .44 | 1.09 (0.68–1.75) | .71 | 1.08 (0.74–1.58) | .67 |
| Obese (30 kg/m2) | 0.75 (0.57–0.98) | .03 | 1.36 (0.89–2.07) | .15 | 0.85 (0.59–1.22) | .37 |
| Health status | ||||||
| Good, very good, or excellent | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | |||
| Fair or poor | 1.15 (0.91–1.47) | .24 | 1.19 (0.78–1.81) | .42 | 0.93 (0.58–1.49) | .77 |
| No. of live births delivered | 1.03 (0.94–1.12) | .54 | 1.14 (1.01–1.29) | .04 | 1.00 (0.87–1.16) | .98 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; OR, odds ratio.
a
Other Hispanic people and other racial groups.