. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Diabetologia. 2018 Aug 29;61(12):2570–2579. doi: 10.1007/s00125-018-4720-1

Table 3.

Associations between ceramide species and insulin resistance

Ceramides	Fasting glucose		Fasting insulin		HOMA-IR
	Age, sex, ethnicity	Age, sex, ethnicity, BMI, VAT	Age, sex, ethnicity	Age, sex, ethnicity, BMI, VAT	Age, sex, ethnicity	Age, sex, ethnicity, BMI, VAT
C16:0	0.06 (0.01, 0.10)^*	0.06 (0.01, 0.10)^*	0.09 (0.05, 0.14) ^†	0.09 (0.05, 0.14) ^†	0.08 (0.04, 0.13) ^†	0.08 (0.04, 0.12) ^†
C18:0	0.06 (0.02, 0.11)^*	0.06 (0.01, 0.11)^*	0.11 (0.07, 0.15) ^†	0.10 (0.06, 0.14) ^†	0.10 (0.06, 0.14) ^†	0.09 (0.05, 0.13) ^†
C20:0	0.04 (−0.01, 0.08)	0.03 (−0.01, 0.08)	0.02 (−0.02, 0.06)	0.02 (−0.02, 0.06)	0.02 (−0.02, 0.06)	0.02 (−0.02, 0.06)
C22:1	0.01 (−0.04, 0.06)	0.01 (−0.04, 0.06)	−0.02 (−0.06, 0.02)	−0.02 (−0.06, 0.02)	−0.02 (−0.06, 0.03)	−0.02 (−0.06, 0.03)
C22:9	−0.01 (−0.05, 0.04)	−0.01 (−0.06, 0.03)	0.002 (−0.04, 0.04)	−0.01 (−0.05, 0.03)	−0.01 (−0.06, 0.03)	−0.03 (−0.07, 0.02)
C22:10	0.03 (−0.02, 0.07)	0.01 (−0.03, 0.06)	0.02 (−0.02, 0.06)	−0.01 (−0.05, 0.03)	0.01 (−0.04, 0.05)	−0.02 (−0.07, 0.02)
C24:2	−0.02 (−0.06, 0.03)	−0.01 (−0.06, 0.03)	−0.07 (−0.12, −0.03)^***	−0.07 (−0.11, −0.03)^*	−0.07 (−0.11, −0.03)^*	−0.07 (−0.11, −0.02)^*
C24:10	0.004 (−0.05, 0.04)	−0.01 (−0.05, 0.04)	0.01 (−0.03, 0.05)	0.004 (−0.04, 0.04)	−0.01 (−0.05, 0.04)	−0.02 (−0.06, 0.02)
C26:9	0.002 (−0.05, 0.04)	0 (−0.05, 0.04)	−0.03 (−0.07, 0.01)	−0.03 (−0.07, 0.01)	−0.02 (−0.07, 0.02)	−0.03 (−0.07, 0.01)
C28:9	0.03 (−0.02, 0.07)	0.02 (−0.02, 0.07)	0.03 (−0.01, 0.07)	0.02 (−0.02, 0.06)	0.03 (−0.01, 0.08)	0.03 (−0.01, 0.07)
C30:9	0.01 (−0.03, 0.06)	0.01 (−0.03, 0.06)	0.004 (−0.04, 0.04)	−0.001 (−0.04, 0.04)	0.004 (−0.04, 0.05)	0.0001 (−0.04,0.04)
C30:10	−0.02 (−0.07, 0.03)	−0.03 (−0.08, 0.02)	−0.05 (−0.09, −0.01)^*	−0.07 (−0.11, −0.03)^***	−0.05 (−0.09, 0)^*	−0.06 (−0.11, −0.02)^*
C32:11	−0.02 (−0.07, 0.02)	−0.03 (−0.08, 0.02)	−0.05 (−0.09, −0.01)^*	−0.07 (−0.11, −0.03)^***	−0.05 (−0.09, 0)^*	−0.06 (−0.1, −0.02)^*

Data represent the β coefficient and 95% CI of the association adjusted for covariates as noted

p<0.05

^***

p<0.001 and

^†

p<0.0003