Table 1. Demographics and risk profile.
| Variable | MIDCAB (N=508), N (%) | Median sternotomy (N=160), N (%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year ± SD) | 63±12.3 | 62±11.9 | 0.79 |
| Male | 398 (78.3) | 122 (76.3) | 0.63 |
| Hypertension | 297 (58.5) | 88 (55.0) | 0.59 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 362 (71.3) | 102 (63.8) | 0.32 |
| Diabetes | 106 (20.8) | 36 (22.5) | 0.73 |
| Smoking status | 0.83 | ||
| Current smoker | 45 (8.9) | 17 (10.6) | |
| Ex-smoker | 275 (54.1) | 92 (57.5) | |
| Never smoked | 188 (37.0) | 31 (19.4) | |
| Previous MI within 30 days | 30 (5.9) | 10 (6.3) | 0.87 |
| Previous PCI | 147 (28.9) | 48 (30.0) | 0.84 |
| CCS Class | 0.76 | ||
| 1 | 90 (17.7) | 24 (15.0) | |
| 2 | 194 (38.2) | 60 (37.5) | |
| 3 | 148 (29.1) | 40 (25.0) | |
| 4 | 76 (15.0) | 36 (22.5) | |
| NYHA Class | 0.89 | ||
| 1 | 166 (32.7) | 50 (31.3) | |
| 2 | 206 (40.6) | 61 (38.1) | |
| 3 | 116 (22.8) | 37 (23.1) | |
| 4 | 20 (3.9) | 12 (7.5) | |
| COPD | 24 (4.7) | 7 (4.4) | 0.94 |
| PVD | 29 (5.7) | 10 (6.3) | 0.81 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 7 (1.4) | 3 (1.9) | 0.87 |
| Renal status, Cr >200 µmol/L | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 0.97 |
| Preoperative AF | 15 (3.0) | 4 (2.5) | 0.86 |
| Number of diseased vessels | |||
| 1 | 272 (53.5) | 117 (73.1) | |
| 2 | 64 (12.6) | 36 (22.5) | |
| 3 | 172 (33.9) | 7 (4.4) | 0.001 |
| LVEF | 0.89 | ||
| Good (LVEF >49%) | 453 (89.2) | 138 (86.3) | |
| Fair (LVEF 30–49%) | 47 (9.3) | 18 (11.2) | |
| Poor (LVEF <30%) | 8 (1.6) | 4 (2.5) | |
| Urgency of operation | 0.78 | ||
| Elective | 406 (80.0) | 126 (78.8) | |
| Urgent | 82 (16.1) | 24 (15.0) | |
| Emergency | 20 (3.9) | 10 (6.3) | |
| Year of operation | 0.001 | ||
| 1996–2006 | 183 (36.0) | 132 (82.5) | |
| 2007–2017 | 325 (64.0) | 28 (17.5) | |
| Logistic EuroSCORE | 3.8±2.3 | 3.6±1.9 | 0.75 |
AF, atrial fibrillation; CCS, Canadian Cardiovascular Society; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Cr, creatinine; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; MIDCAB, minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; SD, standard deviation.