Figure 2.

A patient with a 20-cm localized hepatocellular carcinoma replacing the entire right lobe of the liver who was treated with proton beam therapy (PBT) (left images) to a dose of 58.05 Gy (RBE). In the right images, a comparison plan with X-ray intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is shown. PBT (vs. IMRT) resulted in significant reduction in dose to the uninvolved liver (mean dose, 13 vs. 27 Gy), stomach (mean dose, 0 vs. 18 Gy), and right kidney (volume receiving 20 Gy, 26% vs. 48%).