Table 2.

Injury patterns associated with posttraumatic ankle arthritis

Injury	Comment
Dislocations
Articular surface impaction
Malleolar fracture
Ankle ligament and capsular injuries	Severe sprain is one of the most common inciting injuries related to PTAA
Intra-articular fractures • Tibial plafond fracture • Talus fracture	One of the most common inciting injuries related to PTAA [17, 18] Over 50% of fractures involving the tibial plafond go on to develop OA [17, 18]
Tibial shaft fracture	May occur secondary to malalignment deformities (e.g., planovalgus, cavovarus)
Severe combined fractures