Table 1. Characteristics of participants.
| Overall (n=29) | GOLD stage | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (n=3) | 2 (n=11) | 3 (n=8) | 4 (n=7) | ||
| Age (years) | 74.0 ± 8.7 | 59.7 ± 4.2 | 78.0 ± 6.0 | 75.5 ± 4.2 | 72.3 ± 11.3 |
| Height (cm) | 163.3 ± 8.5 | 172.3 ± 6.8 | 165.4 ± 7.4 | 162.8 ± 6.1 | 157.0 ± 9.9 |
| Weight (kg) | 58.7 ± 11.2 | 65.0 ± 4.4 | 64.6 ± 10.6 | 57.8 ± 9.2 | 47.9 ± 8.8 |
| FVC (l) | 2.69 ± 1.2 | 4.80 ± 0.6 | 3.22 ± 0.5 | 2.31 ± 0.6 | 1.40 ± 0.5 |
| FEV1 (l) | 1.38 ± 0.8 | 3.29 ± 0.0 | 1.64 ± 0.3 | 0.99 ± 0.2 | 0.61 ± 0.2 |
| FEV1% (%) | 50.6 ± 14.4 | 69.4 ± 8.8 | 51.6 ± 10.7 | 46.5 ± 14.1 | 45.8 ± 17.1 |
| %FEV1 (%) | 52.6 ± 24.0 | 101.3 ± 4.0 | 65.7 ± 11.8 | 41.6 ± 10.0 | 30.1 ± 56.0 |
| VC (l) | 3.13 ± 1.0 | 5.19 ± 0.2 | 3.44 ± 0.6 | 2.66 ± 0.5 | 2.05 ± 0.6 |
| PImax (cmH2O) | 56.1 ± 23.3 | 75.0 ± 41.0 | 62.7 ± 20.4 | 51.0 ± 13.5 | 43.6 ± 24.3 |
| PEmax (cmH2O) | 72.8 ± 31.5 | 103.7 ± 56.6 | 81.9 ± 23.2 | 63.8 ± 31.5 | 55.4 ± 20.1 |
Data presented as mean ± SD. GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FEV1%: FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio; %FEV1: FEV1/FEV1predicted; VC, vital capacity; PImax: maximal inspiratory pressure; PEmax: maximal expiratory pressure.