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| GOLD stage | Sitting | Forward leaning sitting | Semi-Fowler’s position |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (−1.0) |
| 2 | 3 (1.5) | 1 (−1.3) | 7 (−0.2) |
| 3 | 0 (−1.1) | 0 (−1.7) | 8* (2.8) |
| 4 | 0 (−1.0) | 4* (2.6) | 3 (−1.6) |
| Total | 4 | 6 | 19 |
Data presented as n (adjusted residual). χ2 p=0.03; effect size (φ)=0.03. GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. *Statistically significant.
