Table 2.
Anthropometric, physical fitness, and metabolic profile of study participants.
| CON | OB | OBR | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (male/female) | 3/6 | 3/6 | 3/5 | – |
| Age (years) | 29.0 ± 11.0 | 32.0 ± 10.0 | 30.0 ± 11.0 | 0.704 |
| Body mass (kg) | 60.7 ± 6.2 | 92.4 ± 12.9∗ | 106.0 ± 19.6∗ | <0.0001 |
| Height (cm) | 177.0 ± 0.1 | 162.0 ± 0.1 | 167.0 ± 0.1 | 0.175 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.8 ± 1.7 | 35.1 ± 3.8∗ | 37.8 ± 4.6∗ | 0.0001 |
| Body fat (%) | 28.1 ± 8.6 | 43.1 ± 8.0∗ | 44.4 ± 8.1∗ | 0.004 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 72.0 ± 4.0 | 103.0 ± 13.0∗ | 115.0 ± 15.0∗ | <0.0001 |
| Fat free mass (kg) | 42.1 ± 8.7 | 50.8 ± 10.8 | 57.0 ± 11.6∗ | 0.024 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 16.1 ± 4.0 | 43.1 ± 8.0∗ | 46.1 ± 13.4∗ | <0.0001 |
| Visceral adipose tissue (g) | 149 ± 80 | 1153 ± 431∗ | 1785 ± 754∗& | <0.0001 |
| VO2max (mL min−1 kg−1) | 33.1 ± 7.2 | 27.2 ± 6.8 | 25.1 ± 6.2 | 0.331 |
| Peak power (watts) | 146.0 ± 52.0 | 170.0 ± 66.0 | 176.0 ± 67.0 | 0.577 |
| Fasting insulin (μU/mL) | 4.9 ± 2.0 | 8.8 ± 2.5 | 20.7 ± 5.9∗& | 0.0001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 86.0 ± 3.0 | 84.0 ± 10.0 | 87.0 ± 8.0 | 0.717 |
| HOMA1-IR (μU L−2) | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 4.4 ± 1.4∗ | <0.0001 |
| HOMAβ (μU L−2) | 77.5 ± 32.8 | 199.4 ± 129.3∗ | 348.0 ± 144.7∗& | <0.0001 |
| OGTT (mg/dL) | 77.0 ± 24.0 | 87.0 ± 15.0 | 105.0 ± 20.0∗ | 0.025 |
| AUC glucose (mg/dLxmin) | 1.110 ± 1.305 | 1.267 ± 2.269 | 1.386 ± 2.164∗ | 0.037 |
| AUC insulin (mg/dlxmin) | 5.806 ± 2.298 | 9.696 ± 6.123 | 17.821 ± 8.109∗& | 0.018 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 189.0 ± 63.0 | 192.0 ± 26.0 | 196.0 ± 30.0 | 0.957 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 120.0 ± 46.0 | 121.0 ± 27.0 | 124.0 ± 24.0 | 0.722 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 52.0 ± 13.0 | 50.0 ± 12.0 | 41.0 ± 5.0 | 0.109 |
| VLDL-C (mg/dL) | 17.0 ± 8.0 | 20.0 ± 11.0 | 31.0 ± 11.0∗& | 0.030 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 86.0 ± 40.0 | 102.0 ± 56.0 | 155.0 ± 58.0∗& | 0.030 |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. ∗ Difference compared to CON, & difference compared to OB. One-way ANOVA.