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. 2018 Mar 26;4:2. doi: 10.1038/s41378-018-0002-9

Table 1.

Properties of lab and household liquids and their flow rates during capillary pumping

Sample liquid properties DI water Ethanol Isopropanol Mineral oil Glycerol
Contact angle θ 0° 0° 0° 31.0° 13.1°
Viscosity μ (mPa s) 1.0025 1.0726 1.9627 68 1.412 × 10328
Surface energy γ (mJ/m2) 71.60 20.01 18.86 28.27 89.8
κ 0.025 0.071 0.154 2.05 27.8
Viscosity-independent pump speeda 1 0.23 0.27 0.19 0.59
Viscosity- and surface energy-independent pump speeda 1 1.01 0.98 0.93 0.99

aThe pump speed is normalized based on the average measured pump speed for DI water.