Fig. 3.

Three active memristor prototype neuron circuits and their experimentally demonstrated spiking behaviors. a Tonic excitatory neurons, with a resistive coupling to dendritic inputs, show tonic spiking (Supplementary Fig. 13), tonic bursting (Supplementary Fig. 14), Class 1 excitable (Fig. 4g), Class 2 excitable (Fig. 4h), subthreshold oscillations (Supplementary Fig. 18), integrator (Supplementary Fig. 19), bistability (Supplementary Fig. 20), inhibition-induced spiking (Supplementary Fig. 21), inhibition-induced bursting (Supplementary Fig. 22), and excitation block (Supplementary Fig. 23). b Phasic excitatory neurons, with a capacitive coupling to dendritic inputs, show phasic spiking, i.e., Class 3 excitable (Supplementary Fig. 25), phasic bursting (Supplementary Fig. 26), rebound spike (Supplementary Figs. 27–29), rebound burst (Supplementary Fig. 30), resonator (Supplementary Fig. 24), threshold variability (Supplementary Fig. 31), depolarizing after-potential (Supplementary Fig. 32), and accommodation (Supplementary Fig. 33). Other biological neuron spiking behaviors, including all-or-nothing firing (Supplementary Fig. 10), refractory period (Supplementary Figs. 11 and 12), spike frequency adaptation (Supplementary Figs. 15 and 16), and spike latency (Supplementary Fig. 17), are shared properties of both tonic and phasic neurons. c mixed-mode neurons, with both resistive and capacitive couplings (R_L1, C_in in parallel) to dendritic inputs, show mixed-mode spiking (Supplementary Fig. 34) behavior