Table 2.

Subject demographics and questionnaire data for control and all Gulf War Illness subgroups

Group	O-HC	O-STOPP	O-START	V-POTS	V-STOPP	V-START
N	10	23	10	11	32	14
Age	48.9 ± 6.1	46.8 ± 2.7	44.4 ± 5.2	45.7 ± 3.6	50.2 ± 2.3	46.6 ± 3.8
BMI	29.5 ± 3.7	31.7 ± 2.8	28.5 ± 3.7	30.4 ± 3.6	29.9 ± 2.1	28.1 ± 2.1
Sex
Male	8	18	9	9	25	11
Female	2	5	1	2	7	3
Race
White	9	18	8	9	25	13
Black	0	5	1	1	3	0
Other	1	0	1	1	4	1
CFSQ [10]	8.9 ± 4.4*	21.3 ± 2.1	24.7 ± 2.5	21.2 ± 3.3	21.1 ± 1.9	23.7 ± 2.0
GAD-7 [11]	3.7 ± 3.0	8.6 ± 2.3	14.6 ± 2.0†	11.2 ± 5.1†	9.5 ± 2.0	5.9 ± 2.3
SF-36 [12]
Physical Function	83 ± 13.6*	46.8 ± 9.9	37.5 ± 17.7	45.5 ± 13.4	47.3 ± 8.6	46.9 ± 12.2
Limitations-Physical Health	67.5 ± 25.4*	15.9 ± 12.3	0	0	10.9 ± 8.5	9.6 ± 15.2
Limitations-Emotional problems	86.7 ± 17.4*	36.4 ± 17.1	3.3 ± 6.5	30.3 ± 24.1	29.2 ± 13.4	46.2 ± 22.8
Energy/Fatigue	50.5 ± 14.4*	15.7 ± 5.7	14.5 ± 6.8	20.5 ± 8.2	19.7 ± 6.2	11.2 ± 6.0
Emotional well being	70 ± 8.2	57.6 ± 7.1	39.2 ± 13.9	54.5 ± 14.0	54.9 ± 8.7	58.8 ± 8.1
Social functioning	71.3 ± 19.3*	31.3 ± 7.5	15 ± 9.5	33.0 ± 11.1	37.5 ± 10.6	30.8 ± 10.6
Pain	64 ± 14.4*	29.9 ± 7.3	17.2 ± 9.6	34.1 ± 8.8	30.4 ± 6.5	28.4 ± 9.3
General Health	65.9 ± 13.2*	27.6 ± 8.0	15.7 ± 8.2	23.4 ± 9.7	28.9 ± 7.3	25.2 ± 8.2

O-START and V-POTS had significantly higher GAD-7 anxiety scores than controls. All GWI subjects met CFS criteria and reported worse quality of life by SF-36 than controls, except for in the “Emotional Well Being” domain.

^* P < 0.05 for O-HC vs. all GWI groups by one way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey’s HSD.

^† P < 0.05 for O-HC vs. O-START and V-POTS by one way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey’s HSD.

Mean ± 95% C.I.