Table 2.

Future research directions for investigating the forward testing effect

Suggested future research directions
1. Further investigation of the possible mechanisms underlying the forward testing effect, and testing of key predictions made by different theoretical accounts.
2. Does the forward testing effect generalize to individuals with Alzheimer’s disease or ADHD?
3. Can young children’s learning of complex materials benefit from interim testing?
4. Does the forward testing effect generalize to older adults?
5. What brain networks are involved in the forward testing effect?
6. Testing the forward testing effect in the classroom.
7. What are the long-term outcomes of the forward testing effect?