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. 2018 Sep 4;3:16. doi: 10.1038/s41539-018-0030-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Common pathway model presenting the standardized squared path estimates for overall achievement. b and for overall achievement when controlling for g. A = additive genetic, C = shared environmental, and E = non-shared environmental components of variance. Note: KS1 age 7; KS2 age 11; KS3 age 14; and GCSE age 16; Note: Achievement is a composite score of English and Mathematics