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. 2018 Nov 7;8:16493. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34720-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Overview of the proposed magnetic correlated double sampling technique with a GMR biosensor. A set of capture antibody, analyte of interest, and detection antibody form a sandwich structure tethering MNPs to the surface. When current is passed through the field wire, an excitation field is generated (left), the output voltage is a superposition of the signal, 1/f noise, and offset. When there is no excitation (middle), the output voltage measures only the 1/f noise and the offset. If the time difference between the two measurements is sufficiently small, 1/f noise and offsets are highly correlated so the subtraction of the two contains only the signal of interest (right).