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. 2018 Nov 7;9:4657. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06565-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Characterization of TpKLS and reconstitution of kauniolide biosynthesis pathway in N. benthamiana. LC-Orbitrap-FTMS chromatograms at [M+H]⁺ = 352.15771 of kauniolide-cysteine. a Kauniolide-cysteine standard formed from incubation of kauniolide and cysteine. b Kauniolide-cysteine production by expressing the costunolide biosynthetic pathway (AtHMGR, TpGAS, TpGAO and CiCOS) in combination with Tp8879 (TpKLS). c The chromatogram of co-injection of kauniolide-cysteine and the product of the costunolide biosynthetic pathway in combination with Tp8879 (TpKLS). d Negative control. Expression of the costunolide biosynthetic pathway does not lead to formation of kauniolide-cysteine