Table 1.

Medical research output by world countries; 2007-2016; countries ranked in descending order by papers per 1 million people and limited to first 25 countries

Rank	Countries	Papers per country*	World share	Population†	% of world population	Papers per 1 million	Citations per paper*
1	Switzerland	106 969	2.2%	8 372 098	0.11%	12 777	23.7
2	Denmark	65 119	1.3%	5 731 118	0.08%	11 362	22.4
3	Netherlands	170 420	3.5%	17 018 408	0.23%	10 014	22.8
4	Sweden	98 873	2.0%	9 903 122	0.13%	9984	21.6
5	Australia	189 549	3.8%	24 127 159	0.32%	7856	18.4
6	Belgium	79 630	1.6%	11 348 159	0.15%	7017	22.9
7	Canada	247 172	5.0%	36 286 425	0.49%	6812	20.7
8	United Kingdom	424 060	8.6%	65 637 239	0.88%	6461	22.7
9	Israel	54 758	1.1%	8 547 100	0.11%	6407	18.8
10	Austria	54 654	1.1%	8 747 358	0.12%	6248	20.3
11	United States	1 659 565	33.7%	323 127 513	4.34%	5136	21.3
12	Germany	383 518	7.8%	82 667 685	1.11%	4639	19.3
13	Italy	246 987	5.0%	60 600 590	0.81%	4076	18.4
14	Greece	42 761	0.9%	10 746 740	0.14%	3979	16.2
15	France	236 511	4.8%	66 896 109	0.90%	3535	20.0
16	Spain	162 440	3.3%	46 443 959	0.62%	3498	17.1
17	Taiwan	75 670	1.5%	23 500 000	0.32%	3220	11.6
18	South Korea	157 790	3.2%	51 245 707	0.69%	3079	11.0
19	Japan	313 600	6.4%	126 994 511	1.71%	2469	13.9
20	Poland	63 534	1.3%	37 948 016	0.51%	1674	11.7
21	Turkey	106 279	2.2%	79 512 426	1.07%	1337	6.4
22	Brazil	135 175	2.7%	207 652 865	2.79%	651	10.0
23	Iran	50 479	1.0%	80 277 428	1.08%	629	6.6
24	China	448 360	9.1%	1 378 665 000	18.53%	325	9.4
	Arab countries	76 978	1.6%	406 452 690	5.46%	189	9.2
25	India	126 029	2.6%	1 324 171 354	17.79%	95	9.3
	WORLD (excluding Arab countries)	4 892 030		7 035 682 888	94.54%	695	15.1

*Source: Essential Science Indicators (October 1, 2017 edition), covering papers and citations for the period January 1, 2007 – August 31, 2017.

†Source: World Bank DataBank.