Table 1.
Broad-spectrum antibiotics treatment regimens.
| Method | Antibiotics | Concentration | Duration | Additions | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drinking water (ad libitum) | Vancomycin + metronidazole | 0.5–1.0 g/L each | 10 weeks | Atarashi et al., 2008 | |
| Ciprofloxacin + metronidazole | 1 g/L each | 2 weeks | Josefsdottir et al., 2017 | ||
| Vancomycin + ampicillin + polymixin | 0.1–1.0 g/L each | 4 weeks | Kim et al., 2017 | ||
| Vancomycin + neomycin + metronidazole | 0.5–1.0 g/L each | 7 days | Brandl et al., 2008; Kinnebrew et al., 2010 | ||
| 2 weeks | Kool-Aid | Josefsdottir et al., 2017 | |||
| Streptomycin + colistin + ampicillin | 1–5 g/L each | 6 weeks | 2.5% sucrose | Sawa et al., 2011 | |
| Ampicillin + neomycin + streptomycin + vancomycin | 0.5–1.0 g/L each | 4–5 weeks | Khosravi et al., 2014 | ||
| Cefoxitin + gentamicin + metronidazole + vancomycin | 1 g/L | 10 days | Ganal et al., 2012 | ||
| Gentamicin + ciprofloxacin + streptomycin + bacitracin | 0.15–2 g/L each | 4 weeks | 3% sucrose | Yan et al., 2016 | |
| Vancomycin + neomycin + kanamycin + metronidazole | 0.5–1.0 g/L each | 3 weeks | Gury-BenAri et al., 2016 | ||
| Vancomycin + ampicillin + kanamycin + metronidazole | 0.5–1.0 g/L each | Levy et al., 2015 | |||
| Vancomycin + neomycin + ampicillin + metronidazole | 0.35–1.0 g/L each | 7 days | 3% sucrose, 1% glucose, or Kool-aid | Ochoa-Repáraz et al., 2009 | |
| 2 weeks | Hägerbrand et al., 2015; Hashiguchi et al., 2015; Knoop et al., 2015; Brown et al., 2017; Emal et al., 2017; Josefsdottir et al., 2017; Steed et al., 2017; Burrello et al., 2018; Thackray et al., 2018 | ||||
| 3 or more weeks | Rakoff-Nahoum et al., 2004; Ivanov et al., 2008; Vaishnava et al., 2008; Ichinohe et al., 2011; Ismail et al., 2011; Yoshiya et al., 2011; Naik et al., 2012; Corbitt et al., 2013; Diehl et al., 2013; Balmer et al., 2014; Mortha et al., 2014; Oh et al., 2014; Johansson et al., 2015; Wu et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2015; Park et al., 2016; Yan et al., 2016; Cervantes-Barragan et al., 2017; Ge et al., 2017; Li et al., 2017; Durand et al., 2018 | ||||
| 3 4-day treatments with 3 day rests | Adami et al., 2018 | ||||
| Gavage | Vancomycin + neomycin + ampicillin + metronidazole + gentamicin | 200 μl of 0.5–1.0 g/L each by daily gavage | 3 day | Kelly et al., 2015 | |
| 10 days | Hill et al., 2010 | ||||
| Bacitracin + neomycin + streptomycin | 200 mg/kg body weight | 3 days | Sayin et al., 2013; Wichmann et al., 2013; Fernández-Santoscoy et al., 2015 | ||
| Neomycin + bacitracin | 20 mg each in 200 μl by daily gavage | 7 days | Pimaricin (anti-fungal), adjusted pH to 4 | Grasa et al., 2015 | |
| Combination | Ampicillin by drinking water; vancomycin + neomycin + metronidazole by gavage | 1.0g/L in water 10 ml/kg of 5–10 g/L by gavage every 12 h | 10–21 days | Amphotericin B (anti-fungal) | Reikvam et al., 2011; Hintze et al., 2014 |
| Vancomycin + neomycin + ampicillin + metronidazole | 10 mg each by daily gavage 0.5–1.0 g/L each in water | 5 days gavage followed by 7–10 days drinking water | Kuss et al., 2011 | ||
| Kanamycin + gentamicin + colistin + metronidazole + vancomycin | 200 μl of 0.35–4 mg/ml by daily gavage, and mixed 2:100 into drinking water | 7 days gavage followed by administration in water | Bashir et al., 2004; Stefka et al., 2014 | ||
| Metronidazole + colistin + streptomycin by gavage, vancomycin by drinking water | 0.3–2 mg each by daily gavage, and 0.25 mg/ml in water | 2 weeks | Amphotericin B (anti-fungal) | Zákostelská et al., 2016 | |
| Oral streptomycin + ampicillin in drinking water | 20 mg/mouse orally and 1 g/L in drinking water | 1–2 weeks | Kim et al., 2018 | ||
| Streptomycin by gavage, followed by vancomycin + neomycin + ampicillin + metronidazole by drinking water | 100 mg/mouse for single gavage and 0.5–1.0 g/L in drinking water | single gavage followed by >7 days drinking water | 1% sucrose | Kernbauer et al., 2014 |