Table 3.
Differences of nicotine dependence as measured by the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) between males and females (n=364).
| Nicotine dependence (FTND) | Male (n=321) | Female (n=43) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| How many cigarettes a day do you smoke? | |||
| 10 or less (0) | 245 (76.3) | 39 (90.7) | 0.224 |
| 11-20 (1) | 69 (21.5) | 4 (9.3) | |
| 21-30 (2) | 6 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 31 or more (3) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| How soon after waking do you smoke your first cigarette? | |||
| Within 5 minutes (3) | 57 (17.8) | 4 (9.3) | 0.181 |
| 6-30 minutes (2) | 64 (19.9) | 7 (16.3) | |
| 31-60 minutes (1) | 45 (14.0) | 11 (25.6) | |
| After 60 minutes (0) | 155 (48.3) | 21 (48.8) | |
| Do you smoke more frequently during the first hours after awakening than during the rest of the day? | |||
| Yes (1) | 58 (18.1) | 5 (11.6) | 0.392 |
| No (0) | 263 (81.9) | 38 (88.4) | |
| Which cigarette would you hate most to give up? | |||
| The first in the morning (1) | 91 (28.4) | 11 (25.6) | 0.857 |
| Any other (0) | 230 (71.7) | 32 (74.4) | |
| Do you find it difficult not to smoke in places where you should not, such as in a movie theater, at a library? | |||
| Yes (1) | 93 (29.0) | 11 (25.6) | 0.722 |
| No (0) | 228 (71.0) | 32 (74.4) | |
| Do you smoke even if you are so ill that you are in bed most of the day? | |||
| Yes (1) | 81 (25.2) | 9 (20.9) | 0.707 |
| No (0) | 240 (74.8) | 34 (79.1) | |
|
| |||
| Nicotine dependence∗ | |||
| Low (0-3) | 230 (71.7) | 38 (88.4) | 0.071 |
| Moderate (4-6) | 72 (22.4) | 4 (9.3) | |
| High (7-10) | 19 (5.9) | 1 (2.3) | |
| Mean score of FTND | 2.3±2.2 | 1.8±1.8 | 0.123 |
Note: numbers are n (%) or mean ± standard deviation (SD); 0, 1, 2, and 3 indicating score for each answer; ∗: score from 0 to 10 with higher score indicating the higher nicotine dependence.