Table 4.
AA indices during REM sleep, NREM sleep, and the NREM sleep stages N1, N2, and N3
| Variable | Controls | COPD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Condition | Room air | O2 | NHF | Room Air | O2 | NHF |
| AAI-REM | 28.2±18.4 | 37.0±21.3 | 35.6±29.6 | 21.5±18.4 | 22.7±19.8 | 9.9±6.8a |
| AAI-NREM | 17.5±10.4 | 16.2±14.1 | 17.4±14.6 | 11.4±11.1 | 13.4±12.7 | 12.4±12.9 |
| AAI-N1 | 23.7±15.1 | 18.5±14.2 | 25.5±18.0 | 12.8±8.2 | 13.6±9.3 | 14.3±10.3 |
| AAI-N2 | 18.8±11.5 | 16.1±15.0 | 17.4±14.8 | 11.9±12.5 | 13.4±12.2 | 12.0±13.4 |
| AAI-N3 | 9.8±8.5 | 14.6±16.3 | 8.6±8.8 | 7.1±12.6 | 11.4±17.2 | 9.0±17.6 |
Notes:
a
P=0.01. The AAIs are given as means±SD for the different sleep stages. P-values are listed for between-group (COPD and controls) and within-group differences (three treatment conditions). REM sleep of at least 15 minutes duration was observed in 15 of 17 COPD patients and all eight controls.
Abbreviations: AA, autonomic activation; AAI, autonomic activation index; NHF, nasal high flow; NREM, non-REM; N1–N3, NREM sleep stages 1–3; REM, rapid eye movement.