Table 1.
Comparison of sleep–wake parameters between cirrhotic patients and healthy controls
| Study | Cirrhotic patients | Controls | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSQI | ||||||||
| Normal sleep: score >5 | Montagnese et al13 | 8* | 5 | |||||
| Marques et al24 | 5 | 6 | ||||||
| Heeren et al2 | 13* | 5 | ||||||
| ESS | ||||||||
| >10: excessive daytime sleepiness | Marques et al24 | 4 | 5 | |||||
| Heeren et al2 | 10* | 7 | ||||||
| SF-36 | ||||||||
| <50: impaired QoL | Physical component summary | Mental component summary | Physical component summary | Mental component summary | ||||
| Montagnese et al13 | 36* | 46* | 50 | 50 | ||||
| Marques et al24 | 41* | 51 | 50 | 51 | ||||
| Heeren et al2 (sum score, max value: 400) | 181* | 164* | 330 | 304 | ||||
| Actigraphy | ||||||||
| TIB (min) | SE (%) | WASO (min) | TIB (min) | SE (%) | WASO (min) | |||
| Córdoba et al25 | 434 | 80* | 59* | 434 | 94 | 16 | ||
| Marques et al24 | NA | 69* | NA | NA | 81 | NA | ||
| Heeren et al2 | 500* | 81* | 86* | 441 | 85 | 58 | ||
Note:
*
P<0.05.
Abbreviations: PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Score; SF-36, 36-question shortform instrument; QoL, quality of life; TIB, time in bed; SE, sleep efficiency; WASO, wake after sleep onset; NA, not assessed.