Table 2.

Polysomnographic parameters of cirrhotic patients

Study	Patients	Polysomnographic parameters
		TST (min)	SE (%)	SL (min)	N1 + N2 (%)	N3 (%)	REM (%)	WASO (min)
Teodoro et al33	Controls	357	84	14	62	17	21	52
Teodoro et al33	Cirrhotics	330↓	74↓	28↑	68↑	19	14↓	115↑
Bajaj et al31	Covert HE					0↓	19↓
Watanabe et al32	Covert HE	291↓					14↓	36
Singh et al7	Covert HE	231↓	59↓	48↑	51	35	13↓	160↑
Bruyneel et al28	Recurrent HE	475	78↓	12	64↑	33	3↓	146↑
Liu et al30	Covert HE	516	80↓	36↑	70↑	14↓

Notes: For information, values of control subjects are shown.

^↓represents decreased and

^↑represents increased values, when related to the control group of Teodoro et al.33 Bold values indicate normal values in controls, to be able to compare with patient values on the next lines.

Abbreviations: HE, hepatic encephalopathy; TST, total sleep time; SE, sleep efficiency; SL, sleep latency; REM, rapid eye movement sleep; WASO, wake after sleep onset; N1, sleep stage 1; N2, sleep stage 2; N3, sleep stage 3.