Table 5.
Determinants of statin use in secondary prevention (mixed-effect logistic regression)
| Variables | Multivariable analysis (50–59 years) | Multivariable analysis (60–79 years) | Multivariable analysis (80+ years) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR [95%CI] | p-value | OR [95% CI] | p-value | OR [95% CI] | p-value | |
| Baseline characteristics | ||||||
| Age, per year increase | 1.25 [1.02; 1.52] | 0.030 | 0.87 [0.84; 0.90] | < 0.001 | ||
| Women | 0.59 [0.42; 0.84] | 0.003 | 0.64 [0.54; 0.77] | < 0.001 | 0.68 [0.51; 0.89] | 0.005 |
| LDL measurement | 0.64 [0.49; 0.83] | 0.001 | 0.50 [0.37; 0.68] | < 0.001 | ||
| Type of CVD history | ||||||
| MI | 1.42 [1.15; 1.75] | 0.001 | ||||
| IHD without angina | 1.40 [1.12; 1.75] | 0.003 | 1.48 [1.06; 2.09] | 0.022 | ||
| IHD with angina | 1.60 [1.04; 2.45] | 0.030 | 1.36 [1.03; 1.80] | 0.033 | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.66 [0.48; 0.92] | 0.013 | ||||
| Hypercholesterolemia | 3.59 [2.45; 5.30] | < 0.001 | 2.40 [1.98; 2.92] | < 0.001 | 2.93 [2.18; 3.97] | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 0.65 [0.44; 0.96] | 0.030 | 0.58 [0.48; 0.70] | < 0.001 | 0.65 [2.18; 3.97] | 0.002 |
| Mental disorder | 0.63 [0.43; 0.91] | 0.015 | ||||
| Co-medications | ||||||
| Aspirin and antihypertensive agents | ||||||
| Reference: Aspirin + RAS and | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Non-RAS | ||||||
| Aspirin + RAS or Non-RAS | 0.63 [0.28; 1.35] | 0.236 | 0.61 [0.44; 0.85] | 0.004 | 0.67 [0.40; 1.12] | 0.126 |
| Aspirin alone | 0.48 [0.19; 1.19] | 0.110 | 0.23 [0.15; 0.36] | < 0.001 | 0.30 [0.13; 0.71] | 0.006 |
| RAS or Non-RAS | 0.15 [0.08; 0.28] | < 0.001 | 0.36 [0.27; 0.47] | < 0.001 | 0.37 [0.24; 0.57] | < 0.001 |
| None of these 3 categories | 0.03 [0.01; 0.06] | < 0.001 | 0.04 [0.03; 0.05] | < 0.001 | 0.02 [0.01; 0.03] | < 0.001 |
| Other lipid lowering medication | 0.39 [0.17; 0.88] | 0.024 | 0.24 [0.17; 0.35] | < 0.001 | 0.19 [0.08; 0.42] | < 0.001 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | ||||||
| mCCI indexa | 0.89 [0.83; 0.95] | < 0.001 | ||||
| Liver disease | 0.54 [0.28; 1.00] | 0.054 | ||||
| Diabetes, mellitus | 1.52 [1.22; 1.88] | < 0.001 | ||||
| Paralysis | 5.12 [1.51; 17.60] | 0.009 | ||||
| Cancer | 0.63 [0.39; 1.01] | 0.059 | ||||
| Renal insufficiency | ||||||
| Yes | 1.88 [0.53; 6.60] | 0.318 | 0.98 [0.65; 1.46] | 0.904 | ||
| Not measured | 0.34 [0.20; 0.55] | < 0.001 | 0.39 [0.27; 0.55] | < 0.001 | ||
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, LDL low-density lipoprotein, CVD cardiovascular disease, MI myocardial infarction, IHD ischemic heart disease, RAS renin-angiotensin system, mCCI modified Charlson comorbidity index
aMissing kidney function is treated as a score of 0