Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of included and excluded subjects
| Included (n = 796) | Excluded (n = 756)a | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 70.0 (6.6) | 71.9 (6.9) | < 0.001 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 432 (54.3) | 433 (57.3) | 0.015 |
| Education (≤ 6 years), n (%) | 489 (61.4) | 554 (73.3) | < 0.001 |
| Ethnicity | < 0.001 | ||
| Chinese, n (%) | 273 (34.2) | 333 (44.0) | |
| Malay, n (%) | 263 (33.0) | 194 (25.7) | |
| Indian, n (%) | 260 (32.7) | 229 (30.3) | |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 289 (36.3) | 260 (34.4) | 0.430 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 621 (78.0) | 634 (83.9) | 0.003 |
| Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) | 586 (73.6) | 498 (65.9) | 0.001 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 198 (24.9) | 185 (24.4) | 0.854 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 23.4 (4.6) | 23.6 (4.6) | 0.982 |
| Mean arterial blood pressure, mmHg, mean (SD) | 97.4 (10.4) | 97.8 (11.3) | 0.282 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 5.1 (1.2) | 5.2 (1.2) | 0.354 |
| Random blood glucose, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 7.1 (3.1) | 7.1 (3.1) | 0.846 |
| Haemoglobin, g/dl, mean (SD) | 13.4 (1.4) | – | – |
| Creatinine, μmol/L, median (IQR) | 72 (30) | – | – |
| eGFR, ml/min, mean (SD) | 91 (29) | – | – |
BMI Body mass index, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate
aExcluded subjects were screened positive non-responders, had ungradable magnetic resonance imaging scans or absent haemoglobin levels