Table 2.
Associations of haemoglobin with markers of cerebral small vessel disease
| Hb (per g/dl decrease) | Cerebral microbleeds | Cortical cerebral microinfarcts | Lacunes | Enlarged perivascular spacesa | WMH volume (ml) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All microbleeds OR (95% CI)b |
Lobar microbleeds OR (95% CI)b |
Deep microbleeds OR (95% CI)b |
OR (95% CI)b | OR (95% CI)b | OR (95% CI)b | β (95% CI)b | |
| Model I | 1.16 (1.02, 1.31) | 1.18 (1.04, 1.34) | 1.06 (0.90, 1.25) | 1.04 (0.82, 1.33) | 1.25 (1.07, 1.46) | 1.06 (0.91, 1.26) | 0.10 (−1.25, 1.44) |
| p = 0.019 | p = 0.011 | p = 0.481 | p = 0.736 | p = 0.004 | 0.458 | p = 0.889 | |
| Model II | 1.18 (1.03, 1.36) | 1.23 (1.06, 1.43) | 1.07 (0.88, 1.29) | 0.93 (0.72, 1.21) | 1.12 (0.94, 1.34) | 1.06 (0.89, 1.27) | 0.35 (−0.07, 0.76) |
| p = 0.017 | p = 0.006 | p = 0.512 | p = 0.602 | p = 0.198 | 0.489 | p = 0.102 | |
| Model III | 1.16 (1.01, 1.33) | 1.21 (1.04, 1.40) | 1.03 (0.85, 1.25) | 0.92 (0.70, 1.20) | 1.07 (0.89, 1.29) | 1.05 (0.88, 1.26) | −0.21 (− 0.19, 0.60) |
| p = 0.039 | p = 0.015c | p = 0.754 | p = 0.629 | p = 0.467 | 0.579 | p = 0.299 | |
Hb Haemoglobin, WMH White matter hyperintensity
Model I: adjusted for age, gender, race and smoking status
Model II: Model I + hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, glomerular filtration rate and body mass index
Model III: Model II + other magnetic resonance imaging markers
aPresent in a subsample of 536 persons and categorized as ≤ 10 vs. ≥ 11
bThe reported CIs and p values are for decreased haemoglobin levels. These values are extracted from the multivariable models that also included covariates
cSignificant after Bonferroni correction p < 0.025