Table 5.
Association of haemoglobin levels with cognition
| Hb (per g/dl decrease) | Global cognition | Domain specific cognitive performance | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI)a | Executive β (95% CI)a |
Attention β (95% CI)a |
Language β (95% CI)a |
Verbal Memory β (95% CI)a |
Visual Memory β (95% CI)a |
Visuoconstruction β (95% CI)a |
Visuomotor speed β (95% CI)a |
|
| Model I | −0.05 (− 0.10, − 0.01) | −0.06 (− 0.11, − 0.01) | −0.05 (− 0.09, 0.00) | −0.07 (− 0.12, − 0.02) | −0.02 (− 0.06, 0.03) | −0.05 (− 0.09, 0.00) | −0.04 (− 0.09, 0.00) | −0.04 (− 0.08, 0.00) |
| p = 0.011 | p = 0.017 | p = 0.041 | p = 0.007 | p = 0.457 | p = 0.039 | p = 0.055 | p = 0.069 | |
| Model II | −0.06 (−0.10, − 0.01) | −0.06 (− 0.11, − 0.01) | −0.06 (− 0.11, − 0.01) | −0.07 (− 0.12, − 0.02) | −0.01 (− 0.06, 0.04) | −0.05 (− 0.10, 0.00) | −0.04 (− 0.09, 0.01) | −0.03 (− 0.08, 0.01) |
| p = 0.014 | p = 0.020 | p = 0.014 | p = 0.012 | p = 0.666 | p = 0.063 | p = 0.081 | p = 0.132 | |
| Model III | −0.04 (−0.09, 0.00) | −0.05 (− 0.10, 0.01) | −0.05 (− 0.10, − 0.01) | −0.06 (− 0.12, 0.00) | −0.01 (− 0.06, 0.05) | −0.04 (− 0.09, 0.01) | −0.03 (− 0.08, 0.02) | −0.03 (− 0.07, 0.02) |
| p = 0.048 | p = 0.078 | p = 0.028 | p = 0.048 | p = 0.395 | p = 0.143 | p = 0.176 | p = 0.217 | |
Hb Haemoglobin
Model I: adjusted for age, gender, race, education and smoking status
Model II: Model I + hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, glomerular filtration rate and body mass index
Model III: Model II + socio-economic status + magnetic resonance imaging markers (intracranial volume, lacunes, white matter hyperintensities, cerebral microbleeds, cortical cerebral microinfarct)
aThe reported CIs and p values are for decreased haemoglobin levels. These values are extracted from the multivariable models which also included covariates
None of the associations reached revised statistical significance (Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.0071)