Skip to main content
. 2018 Jun 17;7(12):e008356. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.008356

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Trial sequential analysis of the risk of recurrent stroke in patients randomized to PFO closure vs antithrombotic therapy. The cumulative Z‐curve crosses the monitoring boundary (red dashed line) before reaching the required information size (RIS, red vertical line), providing evidence for the superiority of PFO closure over antithrombotic therapy to prevent recurrent stroke.26 CLOSE indicates Patent Foramen Ovale Closure or Anticoagulants versus Antiplatelet Therapy to Prevent Stroke Recurrence; CLOSURE I, STARFlex Septal Closure System in Patients with a Stroke and/or Transient Ischemic Attack due to Presumed Paradoxical Embolism through a Patent Foramen Ovale; DEFENSE‐PFO, Device Closure Versus Medical Therapy for Cryptogenic Stroke Patients With High‐Risk Patent Foramen Ovale; Gore REDUCE, Gore Helex septal occluder and antiplatelet medical management for reduction of recurrent stroke or imaging‐confirmed transient ischemic attack in patients with patent foramen ovale; PC trial, Clinical Trial Comparing Percutaneous Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale Using the Amplatzer PFO Occluder with Medical Treatment in Patients with Cryptogenic Embolism; PFO, patent foramen ovale; RESPECT, Randomized Evaluation of Recurrent Stroke Comparing PFO Closure to Established Current Standard of Care Treatment.