Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Sample
| Characteristic | Control Arm (n=55) | Incentive Arm (n=50) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographics | |||
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 59.1 (11.5) | 60.0 (9.5) | 0.65 |
| Male sex, no. (%) | 37 (67.3) | 36 (72.0) | 0.60 |
| Race/ethnicity, no. (%) | 0.46 | ||
| White non‐Hispanic | 38 (69.1) | 38 (76.0) | |
| Black non‐Hispanic | 14 (23.6) | 8 (16.0) | |
| Other | 3 (5.5) | 4 (8.0) | |
| Education, no. (%) | 0.29 | ||
| Some high school | 3 (5.5) | 3 (6.0) | |
| High school graduate | 10 (18.2) | 12 (24.0) | |
| Some college or specialized training | 18 (32.7) | 8 (7.7) | |
| College graduate | 24 (43.6) | 26 (52.0) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) | |
| Marital status, no. (%) | 0.83 | ||
| Single | 11 (20.0) | 12 (24.0) | |
| Married | 35 (63.6) | 29 (58.0) | |
| Other | 9 (16.4) | 9 (18.0) | |
| Insurance, no. (%) | 0.82 | ||
| Private | 28 (50.9) | 24 (48.0) | |
| Medicare | 24 (43.6) | 21 (42.0) | |
| Medicaid | 2 (3.6) | 4 (8.0) | |
| Military | 1 (1.8) | 1 (2.0) | |
| Annual household income, no. (%) | 0.10 | ||
| Less than $50 000 | 21 (38.2) | 18 (36.0) | |
| $50 000 to $100 000 | 17 (30.9) | 7 (14.0) | |
| Greater than $100 000 | 12 (21.8) | 17 (34.0) | |
| Missing | 5 (9.1) | 8 (16.0) | |
| Baseline measures | |||
| Baseline step count, mean (SD) | 6577 (3084) | 7205 (3246) | 0.32 |
| Body mass index, mean (SD) | 30.1 (5.6) | 31.0 (6.8) | 0.48 |
| Diabetes mellitus, no. (%) | 18 (32.7) | 15 (30.0) | 0.76 |
| Ejection fraction, mean % (SD) | 57.8 (9.2) | 58.2 (9.6) | 0.85 |
| Health‐related quality of life score, mean (SD) | 2.7 (1.0) | 2.5 (0.8) | 0.14 |
| Hypertension, no. (%) | 44 (80.0) | 43 (86.0) | 0.42 |
| Hyperlipidemia, no. (%) | 45 (81.8) | 40 (80.0) | 0.81 |
| Previous cardiac catheterization, median days (IQR) | 37 (16.232) | 35 (23.73) | 0.49 |
| Previous cardiac catheterization within 90 days preceding enrollment, no. (%) | 40 (72.7) | 38 (76.0) | 0.78 |
| Smoking, no. (%) | 0.17 | ||
| Past smoker | 28 (50.9) | 19 (38.0) | |
| Active smoker | 6 (10.9) | 3 (6.0) | |
| Valvular heart disease, No. (%) | 4 (7.3) | 8 (16.0) | 0.16 |
Health‐related quality of life score obtained from the MacNew Survey. IQR indicates interquartile range.