Table 3.
Descriptive statistics, t-test and ANCOVA results for the studied variables.
| GMBI |
SDMBI |
DG |
BCG |
ANCOVA | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pretest |
Posttest |
t |
Pretest |
Posttest |
t |
Pretest |
Posttest |
t |
Pretest |
Posttest |
t |
F(3,71) |
|
|
M |
M |
(d) |
M |
M |
(d) |
M |
M |
(d) |
M |
M |
(d) | () | |
| (SD) | (SD) | (SD) | (SD) | (SD) | (SD) | (SD) | (SD) | ||||||
| FFMQ | 112.93 | 130.14 | -3.57∗∗ | 108.15 | 121.72 | -2.62∗ | 113.12 | 123.22 | -3.57∗∗ | 113.84 | 117.02 | -1.29 | 3.22∗ |
| (24.43) | (26.00) | (0.68) | (13.77) | (16.03) | (0.91) | (20.53) | (14.77) | (0.56) | (20.32) | (16.34) | (0.17) | (0.12) | |
| DERS | 103.60 | 90.51 | 2.69∗ | 106.67 | 93.88 | 3.40∗∗ | 99.78 | 94.47 | 1.02 | 103.10 | 100.47 | 0.62 | 1.87 |
| (27.50) | (25.35) | (0.49) | (20.15) | (15.83) | (0.71) | (32.39) | (17.35) | (0.21) | (23.04) | (17.82) | (0.13) | (0.07) | |
| SDS | 38.98 | 32.11 | 3.62∗ | 43.12 | 39.39 | 2.04∗ | 42.80 | 38.25 | 2.19∗ | 42.84 | 40.02 | 1.65 | 2.93∗ |
| (10.04) | (8.24) | (0.75) | (6.71) | (8.66) | (0.48) | (10.14) | (7.73) | (0.50) | (7.45) | (7.89) | (0.37) | (0.11) | |
| SAS | 36.17 | 31.71 | 1.88 | 39.22 | 38.61 | 0.41 | 38.65 | 34.46 | 2.60∗ | 38.83 | 39.50 | -0.57 | 4.83∗∗ |
| (10.91) | (9.34) | (0.44) | (5.69) | (7.23) | (0.09) | (10.05) | (6.70) | (0.49) | (8.44) | (8.44) | (0.08) | (0.17) | |
∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < .01. GMBI, group mindfulness-based intervention; SDMBI, self-direct mindfulness-based intervention; DG, discussion group; BCG, blank control group; FFMQ, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire; DERS, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale; SDS, Self-Rating Depression Scale; SAS, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale.