Table 4.
Pairwise comparisons of adjusted mean scores of outcome variables.
| Outcome variables | GMBI MD (SE) | SDMBI MD (SE) | DG MD (SE) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FFMQ | SDMBI | 5.52 (4.97) | - | - |
| DG | 7.02 (4.71) | 1.51(5.08) | - | |
| BCG | 13.66* (4.43) | 8.15 (4.84) | 6.64 (4.56) | |
| DERS | SDMBI | -1.88 (5.51) | - | - |
| DG | -5.81 (4.90) | -3.93 (5.29) | - | |
| BCG | -6.03* (4.61) | -8.32 (5.01) | -4.39 (4.75) | |
| SDS | SDMBI | -5.26* (2.40) | - | - |
| DG | -4.28 (2.28) | 0.98 (2.43) | - | |
| BCG | -6.03** (2.15) | -0.77 (2.30) | -1.75 (2.18) | |
| SAS | SDMBI | -5.32* (2.13) | - | - |
| DG | -1.47 (2.02) | 3.85 (2.17) | - | |
| BCG | -6.42** (1.91) | -1.09 (2.06) | -4.95* (1.95) | |
∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01. MD, mean difference; SE, standard error; GMBI = group mindfulness-based intervention; SDMBI, self-direct mindfulness-based intervention; DG, discussion group; BCG, blank control group; FFMQ, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire; DERS, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale; SDS, Self-Rating Depression Scale; SAS, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale.