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. 2018 Oct 31;9:2510. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02510

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Copyright © 2018 Winkel, Dalenberg, de Korne, Feijt, Langenberg, Pelgrom, Ganesh, Yazdanbakhsh, Smits, de Jong, Everts, van Leeuwen, Hokke and Roestenberg.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Visualization of cercarial invasion into a human skin explant. Cercariae attach and penetrate the epidermis of the human skin explant. Cercariae depicted in red, the dermis in blue, the epidermal surface as a white solid line and the basal membrane as a green dashed line T = 0–7 min. Gray arrowheads: cercarial heads/schistosomula. Top panels: non-attenuated cercariae, lower panels: RA cercariae (A). Cercariae penetrate the skin in different ways. White arrowheads: cercariae/tails (B). Scale bar: 200 μm.