Table 1:
Subject characteristics
| 95% Confidence Interval | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean±SD (cLBP) | Mean±SD (HC) | t | df | p | Cohen’s d | Lower | Upper | |
| Age | 37.7±9.7 | 38.5±10.1 | 0.580 | 14 | 0.571 | 0.150 | −1.258 | 2.191 |
| Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia | 33.3±5.7 | 33.1±7.5 | 0.854 | 14 | 0.407 | 0.221 | −2.569 | 5.969 |
| Pain Catastrophizing Scale | 13.6±10.2 | 6.2±6.8 | 2.492 | 14 | 0.026 | 0.644 | 0.972 | 12.962 |
| Beck’s Depression Inventory | 1.9±2.7 | 4.1±4.2 | 1.427 | 13 | 0.177 | 0.382 | −1.082 | 5.296 |
| Perceived credibility of SMT | 1.8±0.6 | 2.1±0.8 | −0.942 | 13 | 0.363 | −0.252 | −0.753 | 0.295 |
| Clinical pain (Baseline, 0-100) | 44.2±18.6 | 0.3±1.2 | 8.484 | 13 | <0.001 | 2.268 | 32.889 | 55.361 |
| Anxiety (Baseline, 0-100) | 12.2±12.3 | 0.8±1.4 | 3.606 | 13 | 0.003 | 0.964 | 4.896 | 19.532 |
| Brief Pain Inventory (Severity, 0-10) | 4.5±1.4 | 0.3±0.4 | 10.768 | 14 | <0.001 | 2.780 | 3.358 | 5.029 |
| Brief Pain Inventory (Interference, 0-10) | 3.2±2.1 | 0.1 ±0.2 | 5.757 | 14 | <0.001 | 1.486 | 1.948 | 4.261 |
| Low back bothersomeness (0-10) | 5.0±1.7 | 0.5±1.3 | 9.049 | 14 | <0.001 | 2.336 | 3.403 | 5.517 |
| Expected relief (0-10) | 5.3±2.8 | 3.6±3.3 | 1.363 | 14 | 0.194 | 0.352 | −0.962 | 4.315 |
| Desire for relief (0-10) | 9.0±1.0 | 1.8±3.4 | 7.150 | 14 | <0.001 | 1.846 | 5.101 | 9.472 |
Abbreviations: cLBP = chronic Low Back Pain; HC = Healthy Control; SMT = Spinal Manipulative Therapy