Figure 1.

Principal aqueous solvation patterns for anions. a) Presumed favorable orientations of water molecules around a cavity and at the surface of different solutes: kosmotropic and chaotropic ions, hydrophobic molecules, and void space. Electron lone pairs are visualized in yellow. b) Extended Hofmeister scale with specification of the superchaotropic, hydrophobic ionic, and superhydrophobic regions; see Figure S1 in the Supporting Information for a two‐dimensional illustration of the solvation pattern dependence on charge density and polarizability.