Table 1.

MOCs: devices where a lab on chip integrates fluidic and optical components (for illumination or detection). Resolution (column 2) is the highest resolution reported in the corresponding references (Refs). NS indicates Non Specified in the reference. LF indicates that the device is lens free.

	Microscope technique	Spatial resolution	Sensor/ pixel size	Detection objective	Samples	Notes	Refs
TRANSILLUMINATION	Shadow Imaging	NS	CMOS 10 μm	LF	Caenorhabdtis Elegans	Robust and compact lensless platform. Low spatial resolution, limited by the pixel size.	43
		NS	CCD 10 μm	LF	Blood cells, fibroblasts, stem cells, AML‐12 hepatocytes		44
	Nanogrid	0.5 μm	CCD 20 μm	LF	C. elegans	Subpixel resolution, limited by the aperture size.	45
		< 1 μm	CMOS 9.9 μm	LF	C. Elegans and Chlamydomonas cells		46
	In line DH	0.6 μm	CMOS 2.2 μm	LF	C. Elegans, Giardia lamblia and Mulberry pollen	Large field of view obtained with subpixel shifted acquisitions. Computationally intensive algorithms are required to reconstruct the images.	47, 53
		NS	CMOS 5.5 μm	LF	Blood cells	Image acquisition flowing the sample at high flow rates. A pulsed laser is required to obtain neat images of samples at high flow rates.	54
	SROFM	0.75 μm	CMOS 3.2 μm	LF	Euglena gracilis, Entamoeba invadens	No need of mechanical precision translation mechanisms. Combines Nanogrid imaging with sub pixel image shifting.	55
	Off axis DH	NS	CCD 4.8 μm	20× 0.5NA Printed lens	Thalassiosira rotula and C. Elegans	Reduced computational efforts. The optical elements are integrated directly on the microfluidic platform. Coherent source required.	48, 56
FLUORESCENCE	Lens Free	NS	CCD 9 μm	LF	Microparticles, White blood cells	Large field of view. Low spatial resolution, limited by the pixel size.	69, 70, 71
	FOFM	0.6 μm	CMOS 5.2 μm	LF	HeLa cells	Compact lensless platform with resolution improved by a Fresnel zone plate array	73
	LSFM	NS (transverse) 4.6–7.5 μm(axial)	EMCCD 16 μm	40×,0.75NA	Membrane vesicles	Light sheet illumination and sample delivery integrated on the chip	80
		≈ 0.8 μm (transverse) ≈ 10 μm (axial)	CMOS‐CCD 5.6–13 μm	20×, 0.45NA	Tissue mimics (tumor spheroids)	Light sheet illumination, sample delivery and sample scan integrated on the chip	81