Table 1.
Description of walnut consumptiona and covariates
| Totals, N = 34 121 | Not a Nut Consumerb 77.4% (n = 27 038) | Other Nut Consumerc 10.5% (n = 3 078) | Walnuts With Other Nuts Consumerd 11.9% (n = 3 480) | Walnuts With High Certainty Consumere 2.0% (n = 525) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Grams of walnuts Consumed, Mean ± SD (n) |
4.9 ± 6.9 (4 005) | 3.6 ± 4.0 (3 480) | 12.4 ± 12.4 (525) | ||
| Age, Mean ± SD (n) | 46 ± 17 (34 121) | 45 ± 18 (27 038) | 47 ± 15 (3 078) | 49 ± 16 (3 480) | 54 ± 13 (525) |
| Female, % (n) | 51% (17 115) | 50% (13 141) | 57% (1 773) | 55% (1 866) | 66% (335) |
| White, % (n) | 67% (14 859) | 64% (10 974) | 74% (1 570) | 78% (1 978) | 86% (337) |
| Black, % (n) | 12% (7 468) | 13% (6 318) | 7% (484) | 8% (595) | 5% (71) |
| Hispanic, % (n) | 14% (9 509) | 16% (8 040) | 12% (738) | 8% (658) | 5% (73) |
| Other race, % (n) | 6% (2 285) | 6% (1 706) | 7% (286) | 6% (249) | 5% (44) |
|
Years of education, Mean ± SD (n) |
13 ± 2 (34 121) | 13 ± 2 (27 038) | 14 ± 2 (3 078) | 14 ± 2 (3 480) | 14 ± 2 (525) |
|
Body mass index kg/m2, Mean ± SD (n) |
28 ± 7 (33 537) | 29 ± 7 (26 535) | 28 ± 6 (3 047) | 28 ± 6 (3 438) | 27 ± 5 (517) |
| Ever smoked, % (n) | 24% (7 025) | 27% (6 098) | 16% (422) | 14% (464) | 9% (41) |
| Never consumed alcohol, % (n) | 32% (12 053) | 33% (9 803) | 27% (976) | 29% (1 112) | 27% (162) |
|
Participate in moderate Physical activity, % (n) |
58% (17 851) | 55% (13 396) | 66% (1 895) | 67% (2 191) | 75% (369) |
|
Participate in vigorous Physical activity, % (n) |
38% (11 384) | 36% (8 737) | 43% (1 210) | 40% (1 239) | 41% (198) |
a
Walnut consumption was determined through self‐report of all food consumed in the past 24 hours.
b
All individuals whose food codes that did not include walnuts or other nuts were classified as “no nuts” (NN).
c
Individuals consuming nuts other than walnuts (ie cashew nuts and pistachios) or nut‐containing foods that do not commonly contain walnuts (eg granola) were classified as “other nuts” (ON).
d
Classified based on food codes describing nut mixes and foods that commonly include walnuts were classified as “walnuts with other nuts” (WwON).
e
Food codes that clearly indicated walnuts were classified as “walnuts with high certainty” (WwHC).