Table 2.
Univariate Differences Between Smokers Who Use Cigarettes in Combination With Alternative Tobacco Product (Cig+ATP) Compared With Those Who Use Cigarettes Only
| Cigarette+ATP (n = 1220) | Cigarette only (n = 1156) | P a | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Gender, % male | 54.3% | 28.7% | <.0001 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 40.2 (11.6) | 45.9 (12.6) | <.0001 |
| Race, % | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 27.0% | 40.4% | <.0001 |
| Non-Hispanic African American | 35.7% | 31.0% | |
| Hispanic | 37.3% | 28.6% | |
| Education, % college graduate or higher | 38.9% | 31.5% | ns |
| Income, % <$1800/mo | 39.3% | 40.1% | ns |
| Tobacco and alcohol use characteristics | |||
| Smoking status, % | |||
| Nondaily | 55.2% | 45.7% | <.0001 |
| Daily light (1–10 CPD) | 21.2% | 27.6% | |
| Daily heavy (≥11 CPD) | 23.6% | 26.7% | |
| Menthol smoker | 60.4% | 53.9% | .001 |
| Cigarettes per day, mean (SD) | 9.3 (8.7) | 10.1 (8.5) | ns |
| Time to first cigarette, % within 30 minutes of waking | 59.0% | 54.4% | ns |
| 24-hour quit attempts in last 12 months, mean (SD) | 5.5 (9.5) | 5.9 (11.8) | ns |
| Price sensitivity | |||
| Price of cigs influenced them to smoke less, % yes | 59.5% | 55.7% | ns |
| Price of cigs influenced where they buy cigs, % yes | 68.9% | 71.5% | ns |
| Price of cigs influenced the brand they buy, % yes | 48.4% | 39.4% | <.0001 |
| Buy vs. borrow cigs, % buy all cigs they smoke | 56.0% | 71.3% | <.0001 |
| Harm reduction | |||
| Trying to cut down on cigs smoke, % yes | 70.7% | 70.8% | ns |
| Limit CPD to decrease health risk, % yes | 48.9% | 43.7% | ns |
| Limit smoking in last year to decrease health risks, % always or often | 29.5% | 30.8% | ns |
| Alcohol | |||
| Alcohol, mean (SD)b | 4.6 (3.1) | 3.3 (3.0) | <.0001 |
| Alcohol, % alcohol misuse | 66.6% | 48.8% | <.001 |
| Psychosocial | |||
| Depression, mean (SD)c | 2.1 (1.8) | 1.8 (1.8) | <.0001 |
| Depression, % depressive symptoms | 38.0% | 29.8% | <.0001 |
| Discrimination frequency, mean (SD)d | 8.3 (6.7) | 5.9 (5.7) | <.0001 |
CPD = number of cigarettes smoked per day; ns = nonsignificant. A modified version of this table appears in Lei et al.62 The original table was published by BioMed Central.
a P values represent those that are significant after Bonferroni correction, which was applied because of the large sample size and to minimize the likelihood of a Type I error due to multiple testing. Variables with a P value below the corrected Type I error rate of 0.0023 (0.05/22) are considered significant.
bAlcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption scores range from 0 to 12 with scores of ≥4 for men and ≥3 for women indicating possible alcohol misuse.
cTwo-item Patient Health Questionnaire scores range from 0 to 6 with scores of 3 or higher indicating possible depressive symptoms.
dScores range from 0 to 25 with higher scores indicating greater frequency of discrimination in daily life.