Table 1.
Characteristics of study population
| N (%) | PD cases | IRa (95% CI) | HRb(95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total study population | 2,544,748 (100) | 21,544 | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1,358,266 (53.4) | 13,335 | 48.4 (47.6‐49.2) | 1 (ref.) |
| Female | 1,186,482 (46.6) | 8,209 | 30.9 (30.2‐31.6) | 0.61 (0.60‐0.63) |
| Education | ||||
| Elementary schooling | 1,075,530 (42.3) | 9,786 | 51.5 (50.6‐52.4) | 1 (ref.) |
| Upper secondary schooling | 954,279 (37.5) | 7,468 | 54.7 (53.6‐55.8) | 1.16 (1.13‐1.20) |
| University/college | 506,968 (19.9) | 4,216 | 63.7 (61.9‐65.6) | 1.42 (1.37‐1.47) |
| Missing data | 7,971 (0.3) | 74 | ||
| COPD | ||||
| Yes | 141,897 (5.6) | 889 | 39.6 (37.4‐41.8) | 1 (ref.) |
| No | 2,402,851 (94.4) | 20,655 | 55.6 (55.0‐56.3) | 0.56 (0.53‐0‐60) |
| Demands tertiles | ||||
| Low | 925,546 (36.4) | 7,606 | 53.9 (52.9‐54.9) | 1 (ref.) |
| Middle | 781,922 (30.7) | 13,944 | 50.2 (49.1‐51.2) | 0.97 (0.94‐1.01) |
| High | 837,280 (32.9) | 21,544 | 59.1 (58.0‐60.3) | 1.19 (1.16‐1.23) |
| Control tertiles | ||||
| Low | 850,968 (33.4) | 7,134 | 52.4 (51.3‐53.4) | 1 (ref.) |
| Middle | 841,978 (33.1) | 6,507 | 48.6 (47.6‐49.6) | 0.99 (0.96‐1.02) |
| High | 851,802 (33.5) | 7,903 | 62.9 (61.7‐64.1) | 1.30 (1.26‐1.34) |
| Job strain groups | ||||
| Low strain | 492,134 (19.3) | 3,529 | 49.4 (48.0‐50.8) | 1 (ref.) |
| Passive | 783,466 (30.8) | 6,670 | 52.7 (51.6‐53.8) | 1.03 (0.99‐1.07) |
| High strain | 496,829 (19.5) | 4,018 | 50.0 (48.7‐51.3) | 1.02 (0.97‐1.06) |
| Active | 772,319 (30.4) | 7,327 | 62.8 (61.5‐64.0) | 1.34 (1.29‐1.40) |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
a
Age‐adjusted incidence rates (IR) by 100,000 person years.
b
Hazard ratios (HR) estimated by Cox proportional hazard regression with attained age as underlying time scale.