Table 3.
Hazard ratios for PD by job strain
| Sex | Education | Job straina | HRb | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Low | Low strain | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Passive | 1.09 | 1.00‐1.19 | ||
| High strain | 1.08 | 0.98‐1.20 | ||
| Active | 1.20 | 1.09‐1.32 | ||
| Middle | Low strain | 1.00 | Ref. | |
| Passive | 1.05 | 0.95‐1.16 | ||
| High strain | 1.08 | 0.96‐1.21 | ||
| Active | 1.05 | 0.96‐1.15 | ||
| High | Low strain | 1.00 | Ref. | |
| Passive | 1.02 | 0.79‐1.31 | ||
| High strain | 1.25 | 1.04‐1.51 | ||
| Active | 1.11 | 0.99‐1.24 | ||
| Women | Low | Low strain | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Passive | 0.94 | 0.86‐1.02 | ||
| High strain | 0.96 | 0.88‐1.06 | ||
| Active | 1.00 | 0.87‐1.15 | ||
| Middle | Low strain | 1.00 | Ref. | |
| Passive | 1.06 | 0.96‐1.18 | ||
| High strain | 1.01 | 0.93‐1.11 | ||
| Active | 1.00 | 0.88‐1.12 | ||
| High | Low strain | 1.00 | Ref. | |
| Passive | 1.16 | 0.85‐1.57 | ||
| High strain | 1.16 | 0.97‐1.38 | ||
| Active | 1.07 | 0.92‐1.24 |
a
Job‐strain groups: low strain = high control and low demands; passive = low control and low demands; high strain = low control and high demands; active = high control and high demands. low/high levels of control and demands are based on median split.
b
Hazard ratios (HR) estimated by Cox proportional hazard regression with attained age as underlying time scale adjusting for lifetime chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and an interaction term with sex and education.