Table 1.
Bivariate Correlations and Descriptive Statistics for all Study Variables in Studies 1 and 2
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | Study 2: Mean (SD) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Mastery-approach goals | -- | .22** | .20** | .53** | .82** | .47** | .49** | .07 | -- | .46** | .34** | 4.07 (0.64) |
| 2. Performance-approach goals | .16* | -- | .80** | .15** | .31** | .02 | .21** | .03 | -- | .18** | .25** | 2.82 (0.93) |
| 3. Performance-avoidance goals | .18* | .64** | -- | .07 | .26** | .05 | .14* | -.02 | -- | .14* | .15* | 3.05 (0.89) |
| 4. Perceived competence | .60** | .16* | .11 | -- | .55* | .25** | .46** | .05 | -- | .30** | .23** | 3.86 (0.77) |
| 5. Task value | .68** | .20* | .17* | .56** | -- | .38** | .51** | .19** | -- | .53** | .38** | 4.06 (0.64) |
| 6. Behavioral engagement | .48** | -.03 | -.08 | .50** | .41** | -- | .47** | .14* | -- | .22** | .18** | 3.85 (0.74) |
| 7. Cognitive engagement | .59** | .15 | .07 | .54** | .52** | .54** | -- | .14* | -- | .31** | .20** | 3.55 (0.56) |
| 8. Math/science achievement | .18* | -.05 | -.09 | .19* | .24** | .25** | .15 | -- | -- | .02 | .15** | 3.33 (0.71) |
| 9. Reading achievement (Study 1) | .08 | .14 | .12 | .05 | .09 | .14 | .07 | .14 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 10. Career intentions (Study 2) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | .25** | 5.19 (3.08) |
| 11. STEM courses (Study 2) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 2.30 (1.21) |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Study 1: Mean (SD) | 4.57 (0.47) | 3.51 (0.99) | 3.58 (1.06) | 4.28 (0.62) | 4.19 (0.58) | 4.44 (0.58) | 3.90 (0.64) | 0.16 (0.45) | 0.08 (0.51) | -- | -- | |
Note: Values below diagonal correspond to Study 1; values above diagonal correspond to Study 2.
*
= p < .05;
**
p < .01.
Math/science achievement represents math growth achievement for Study 1 and STEM GPA for Study 2. Unless otherwise noted, all items measured on a 5-point Likert-type scale. Math/research achievement are standardized scores. Career intentions measured on a 10-point Likert-type scale; STEM GPA measured on a 4-point scale.