Table 6.
LOT-R mean scores, broken down by sociodemographic and behavioral factors.
| Optimism |
Pessimism |
Total score |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | (SD) | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | |
| Marital status | d=0.16 | p<.001 | d=0.25 | p<.001 | d=0.25 | p<.001 |
| Married, co-habiting | 8.9 | (2.4) | 4.4 | (2.3) | 16.4 | (3.6) |
| Married, living apart | 8.9 | (2.5) | 4.7 | (2.7) | 16.2 | (4.1) |
| Unmarried | 8.6 | (2.5) | 4.4 | (2.4) | 16.1 | (4.1) |
| Divorced | 8.6 | (2.5) | 4.8 | (2.5) | 15.8 | (4.1) |
| Widowed | 8.5 | (2.6) | 5.0 | (2.4) | 15.5 | (3.6) |
| Occupational situation | d=0.57 | p<.001 | d=0.54 | p<.001 | d=0.73 | p<.001 |
| Working full-time | 9.1 | (2.3) | 4.2 | (2.3) | 16.9 | (3.8) |
| Working part-time | 8.8 | (2.4) | 4.3 | (2.4) | 16.5 | (3.9) |
| Unemployed | 7.7 | (2.6) | 5.5 | (2.4) | 14.2 | (4.1) |
| Retirement | 8.6 | (2.6) | 4.9 | (2.4) | 15.7 | (3.5) |
| Education | d=0.36 | p<.001 | d=0.54 | p<.001 | d=0.58 | p<.001 |
| <10 y. | 8.2 | (2.6) | 5.2 | (2.4) | 15.1 | (3.3) |
| 10–11 y. | 8.6 | (2.5) | 4.8 | (2.4) | 15.9 | (3.7) |
| ≥ 12 y. | 9.1 | (2.4) | 3.9 | (2.3) | 17.2 | (3.9) |
| Income | d=0.50 | p<.001 | d=0.61 | p<.001 | d=0.70 | p<.001 |
| <999 € | 8.2 | (2.6) | 5.1 | (2.4) | 15.1 | (3.8) |
| 1000 €-1999 € | 8.8 | (2.4) | 4.6 | (2.3) | 16.2 | (3.7) |
| ≥ 2000 € | 9.4 | (2.2) | 3.7 | (2.2) | 17.7 | (3.6) |
| Smoking | d=0.17 | p<.001 | d=0.17 | p<.001 | d=0.18 | p<.001 |
| Current non-smoker | 8.9 | (2.4) | 4.4 | (2.3) | 16.4 | (3.8) |
| Current smoker | 8.5 | (2.5) | 4.8 | (2.5) | 15.7 | (3.9) |
| Alcohol consumption | d=0.00 | n.s. | d=0.04 | n.s. | d=0.03 | n.s. |
| ≤ 20 g/day | 8.8 | (2.4) | 4.5 | (2.4) | 16.3 | (3.8) |
| >20 g/day | 8.8 | (2.4) | 4.4 | (2.3) | 16.4 | (3.8) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | d=0.12 | p<.001 | d=0.29 | p<.001 | d=0.24 | p<.001 |
| <25 | 8.9 | (2.5) | 4.2 | (2.4) | 16.6 | (3.9) |
| 25–29.99 | 8.8 | (2.4) | 4.5 | (2.4) | 16.2 | (3.7) |
| ≥ 30 | 8.6 | (2.6) | 4.9 | (2.4) | 15.7 | (3.8) |
Note. d: effect size for the comparison between categories with the lowest and highest mean scores; p: significance.