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. 2018 Oct 3;110(3):444–454. doi: 10.1111/mmi.14111

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Gene expression and circular intermediate detection in P. syringae pv. phaseolicola strain 1302A after treatment with supercoiling inhibitors. Pph 1302A cells were examined for the effect of supercoiling (SC) inhibitors ciprofloxacin (0.5 µg/ml) and novobiocin (10 µg/ml) on the expression of A. effector gene avrPphB, B. topoisomerase gene topB3, C. integrase gene xerC and D. detection of the circular intermediate. Bacterial cells were incubated in M9 minimal medium (MM) plus SC inhibitors for 5 h before being treated with RNA protect and the RNA extracted (avrPphB, topB3 and xerC) or the cells pelleted and DNA extracted (circular intermediate). Results are displayed as fold expression. avrPphB, xerC and topB3 expressions were standardised by simultaneous qPCR analysis of acpP expression and error bars represent standard error of the mean of three experimental replicates. Letters above bars indicate significant differences at p < 0.05 assessed with Student’s t‐test.