Table 4.
Adjusted HRQL ORs (EQ‐5D‐5L) and adjusted self‐assessed health rating mean score ratios (EuroQoL visual analogue scale [EQ‐VAS]) for men aged ≥60 years in NI by demographic, socio‐economic and health‐related characteristics
| Variable | OR (95% CI) | Mean ratio (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mobility (n = 2117) | Self‐care (n = 2120) | Usual activities (n = 2153) | Pain/discomfort (n = 2153) | Anxiety/depression (n = 2278) | Self‐assessed health rating (EQ‐VAS) (n = 2120) | |
| Age group, years | ||||||
| 60–69 | 1.00 | 1.00 | N/S | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 70–79 | 1.37 (1.08,1.73) | N/S | 1.14 (0.91,1.43) | 0.63 (0.51,0.79) | 1.01 (0.99,1.03) | |
| ≥80 | 2.64 (1.71,4.08) | 1.98 (1.33,2.94) | 0.63 (0.43,0.92) | 0.97 (0.93,1.00) | ||
| Deprivation indicator | ||||||
| Least deprived | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | N/S | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Quintile 2 | 1.28 (0.90,1.82) | 1.68 (0.96,2.95) | 1.51 (1.08,2.12) | 0.86 (0.61,1.19) | 0.99 (0.97,1.02) | |
| Quintile 3 | 1.52 (1.06,2.18) | 1.84 (1.05,3.23) | 1.43 (1.01,2.02) | 0.99 (0.72,1.36) | 0.97 (0.95,0.99) | |
| Quintile 4 | 1.60 (1.10,2.35) | 2.66 (1.53,4.62) | 1.62 (1.13,2.33) | 1.23 (0.88,1.71) | 0.97 (0.95,1.00) | |
| Most deprived | 1.75 (1.21,2.52) | 2.65 (1.55,4.56) | 1.62 (1.13,2.32) | 1.51 (1.10,2.08) | 0.95 (0.92,0.98) | |
| Urban/rural indicator | ||||||
| Urban | 1.00 | N/S | 1.00 | N/S | N/S | 1.00 |
| Rural | 0.68 (0.53,0.88) | 0.78 (0.62,0.99) | 1.02 (1.01,1.04) | |||
| Marital status * | ||||||
| Married | 1.00 | 1.00 | N/S | N/S | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Separated/divorced | 1.51 (1.06,2.16) | 1.40 (0.87,2.25) | 1.37 (1.00,1.89) | 0.96 (0.93,1.00) | ||
| Widowed | 1.68 (1.10,2.57) | 1.97 (1.24,3.12) | 1.42 (0.98,2.05) | 0.98 (0.94,1.01) | ||
| Single | 1.14 (0.72,1.82) | 1.65 (0.95,2.89) | 1.28 (0.85,1.91) | 1.02 (0.98,1.06) | ||
| Employment status | ||||||
| Employed/self‐employed | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Unemployed | 7.92 (4.28,14.65) | 14.64 (7.83,27.39) | 11.18 (5.87,21.28) | 2.84 (1.53,5.30) | 6.26 (3.55,11.03) | 0.71 (0.65,0.78) |
| Retired | 1.55 (1.16,2.07) | 2.53 (1.66,3.86) | 1.68 (1.27,2.21) | 1.34 (1.07,1.67) | 1.28 (0.99,1.66) | 0.96 (0.94,0.98) |
| Other | 2.43 (1.03,5.71) | 1.87 (0.45,7.76) | 1.78 (0.69,4.59) | 1.63 (0.74,3.60) | 2.36 (1.11,5.04) | 0.88 (0.78,0.97) |
| Number of long‐term conditions | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–2 | 2.41 (1.78,3.27) | 2.71 (1.56,4.71) | 2.36 (1.77,3.15) | 2.15 (1.72,2.68) | 1.44 (1.12,1.85) | 0.93 (0.92,0.95) |
| ≥3 | 7.75 (5.41,11.10) | 9.51 (5.37,16.84) | 7.36 (5.21,10.39) | 5.30 (3.84,7.33) | 3.78 (2.78,5.12) | 0.78 (0.75,0.80) |
| Physical activity | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–4 days of 30 min/day | 0.38 (0.30,0.50) | 0.28 (0.20,0.38) | 0.39 (0.30,0.50) | 0.60 (0.46,0.77) | 0.57 (0.45,0.72) | 1.12 (1.09,1.15) |
| 5–7 days of 30 min/day | 0.18 (0.13,0.25) | 0.18 (0.12,0.27) | 0.22 (0.16,0.30) | 0.48 (0.37,0.63) | 0.41 (0.31,0.53) | 1.17 (1.14,1.21) |
| BMI, kg/m 2 | ||||||
| Under and healthy weight (0–25) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | N/S | 1.00 |
| Overweight (25–30) | 1.11 (0.86,1.44) | 0.82 (0.58,1.16) | 1.03 (0.80,1.33) | 1.06 (0.85,1.32) | 1.01 (0.99,1.03) | |
| Obese (30+) | 1.77 (1.29,2.42) | 1.38 (0.93,2.03) | 1.55 (1.15,2.10) | 1.71 (1.29,2.28) | 0.98 (0.96,1.01) | |
Data is weighted to the NI population by age and deprivation. The adjusted ORs were determined using a logistic regression model with other significant variables as covariates. The adjusted mean score ratio was determined using a log‐linear regression model with other significant variables as covariates. A value <1 can be interpreted as poorer health compared to the baseline category, while a value >1 can be interpreted as better health compared to the baseline category. N/S, not significant. Carer status was not significant for any score. *Includes civil partnership equivalents. Unadjusted HRQL data by sociodemographic factors along with further descriptive data are available in Tables S4 and S5 and Fig. S2.