Table 1.
Means and SD of clinical parameters (PPD, CAL, GR, PI, and BOP), number of moderate and deep pockets and follow‐up of pockets detected at baseline in groups Test and Control
| Variable | Time point | Experimental groups | Intergroup comparisons | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test N = 20 | Control N = 21 | Mean difference | Student's t test p value | |||||
| Mean ± SD | Delta ± SD Δ 0–30/0–90 | Mean ± SD | Delta ± SD Δ 0–30/0–90 | Mean | Delta | |||
| PPD (mm) | ||||||||
| Overall | Baseline | 3.01 ± 0.27 | 3.10 ± 0.43 | 0.09 | NS | |||
| 30 days | 2.53 ± 0.25a | −0.48 ± 0.30 | 2.78 ± 0.37a | −0.32 ± 0.27 | 0.25 | ≤0.05 | 0.1579 | |
| 90 days | 2.49 ± 0.27a | −0.52 ± 0.32 | 2.85 ± 0.34a | −0.25 ± 0.22 | 0.36 | ≤0.05 | 0.0048 | |
| Moderate pockets | Baseline | 4.47 ± 0.20 | – | 4.44 ± 0.27 | – | 0.02 | NS | – |
| 30 days | 3.29 ± 0.47a | −1.18 ± 0.37 | 3.33 ± 0.42a | −1.11 ± 0.41 | 0.04 | NS | NS | |
| 90 days | 3.19 ± 0.52a | −1.28 ± 0.41 | 3.50 ± 0.45a | −0.94 ± 0.42 | 0.31 | ≤0.05 | 0.01 | |
| Deep pockets | Baseline | 7.27 ± 0.29 | – | 7.26 ± 0.35 | – | 0.14 | NS | – |
| 30 days | 4.07 ± 1.14a | −3.20 ± 1.00 | 4.47 ± 1.23a | −2.79 ± 1.11 | 0.39 | NS | NS | |
| 90 days | 3.75 ± 1.32a | −3.52 ± 1.19 | 4.64 ± 1.00a | −2.62 ± 0.88 | 0.90 | 0.019 | 0.0103 | |
| CAL (mm) | ||||||||
| Overall | Baseline | 3.26 ± 0.39 | 3.42 ± 0.54 | 0.16 | NS | |||
| 30 days | 2.77 ± 0.44a | −0.49 ± 0.37 | 3.13 ± 0.50a | −0.29 ± 0.26 | 0.36 | ≤0.05 | 0.0855 | |
| 90 days | 2.77 ± 0.38a | −0.49 ± 0.37 | 3.24 ± 0.51a | −0.18 ± 0.23 | 0.47 | ≤0.05 | 0.0025 | |
| Moderate pockets | Baseline | 4.63 ± 0.42 | – | 4.70 ± 0.45 | – | 0.07 | NS | – |
| 30 days | 3.51 ± 0.65a | −1.12 ± 0.44 | 3.69 ± 0.56a | −1.01 ± 0.44 | 0.18 | NS | NS | |
| 90 days | 3.48 ± 0.59a | −1.15 ± 0.45 | 3.94 ± 0.63a | −0.76 ± 0.41 | 0.45 | 0.022 | 0.0082 | |
| Deep pockets | Baseline | 7.48 ± 0.53 | – | 7.62 ± 0.72 | – | 0.13 | NS | – |
| 30 days | 4.36 ± 1.45a | −3.12 ± 1.27 | 5.08 ± 1.49a | −2.54 ± 1.33 | 0.72 | NS | NS | |
| 90 days | 4.03 ± 1.44a | −3.45 ± 1.21 | 5.55 ± 1.37a | −2.07 ± 0.97 | 1.51 | 0.001 | 0.0004 | |
| GR (mm) | ||||||||
| Overall | Baseline | 0.25 ± 0.35 | – | 0.32 ± 0.33 | – | 0.07 | NS | NS |
| 30 days | 0.23 ± 0.32 | −0.02 ± 0.16 | 0.35 ± 0.33 | 0.03 ± 0.13 | 0.12 | NS | NS | |
| 90 days | 0.27 ± 0.87 | 0.02 ± 0.12 | 0.38 ± 0.97 | 0.06 ± 0.19 | 0.11 | NS | NS | |
| Moderate pockets | Baseline | 0.15 ± 0.27 | – | 0.26 ± 0.25 | – | 0.10 | NS | – |
| 30 days | 0.21 ± 0.33 | 0.06 ± 0.16 | 0.36 ± 0.34 | 0.10 ± 0.24 | 0.14 | NS | NS | |
| 90 days | 0.28 ± 0.34 | 0.13 ± 0.27 | 0.43 ± 0.48 | 0.17 ± 0.31 | 0.15 | NS | NS | |
| Deep pockets | Baseline | 0.26 ± 0.45 | – | 0.50 ± 0.77 | – | 0.24 | NS | – |
| 30 days | 0.28 ± 0.47 | 0.02 ± 0.37 | 0.61 ± 0.91 | 0.11 ± 0.47 | 0.33 | NS | NS | |
| 90 days | 0.28 ± 0.66 | 0.02 ± 062 | 0.90 ± 1.09 | 0.40 ± 0.47 | 0.61 | 0.038 | 0.0360 | |
| PI after OHI | ||||||||
| Mean Number ± SD (%) | Baseline | 23.85 ± 15.33 (25.90) | – | 26.71 ± 16.60 (27.40) | – | 2.71 (1.50) | NS | – |
| 30 days | 14.20 ± 12.73a (15.40) | −9.65 ± 10.52 | 20.24 ± 17.53a (20.80) | −6.47 ± 11.59 | 6.51 (5.40) | ≤0.05 | NS | |
| 90 days | 21.65 ± 13.13 (23.50) | −2.20 ± 12.30 | 27.14 ± 18.64 (27.90) | 0.47 ± 12.07 | 5.49 (4.40) | NS | NS | |
| BOP after OHI | ||||||||
| Mean Number ± SD (%) | Baseline | 30.80 ± 22.07 (22.10) | – | 35.00 ± 25.84 (24.10) | – | 4.20 (2.00) | NS | – |
| 30 days | 17.05 ± 14.60a (12.20) | −13.75 ± 14.16 | 24.05 ± 19.83a (16.50) | −10.50 ± 16.17 | 7.00 (4.30) | ≤0.05 | NS | |
| 90 days | 18.80 ± 16.14a (13.50) | −12.00 ± 15.49 | 30.71 ± 27.86 (21.10) | −4.29 ± 18.61 | 11.91 (7.60) | ≤0.05 | NS | |
| Moderate pockets | ||||||||
| Mean Number ± SD (%) | Baseline | 28.45 ± 9.72 (20.40) | – | 33.90 ± 13.12 (23.30) | – | 5.45 (2.90) | NS | – |
| 30 days | 13.90 ± 7.64a (10.00) | −14.55 ± 8.63 | 22.86 ± 14.1a (15.70) | −11.04 ± 10.35 | 8.96 (5.70) | ≤0.05 | NS | |
| 90 days | 12.50 ± 6.95a (9.00) | −15.95 ± 10.58 | 23.67 ± 11.6a (16.30) | −10.23 ± 8.82 | 11.17 (7.30) | ≤0.05 | 0.0674 | |
| Deep pockets | ||||||||
| Mean Number ± SD (%) | Baseline | 5.60 ± 3.69 (4.00) | – | 6.00 ± 5.25 (4.10) | – | 0.40 (0.10) | NS | – |
| 30 days | 1.25 ± 2.26a (0.90) | −4.35 ± 3.66 | 1.90 ± 3.41a (1.30) | −4.10 ± 4.27 | 0.65 (0.40) | NS | 0.8391 | |
| 90 days | 1.25 ± 2.42a (0.90) | −4.35 ± 3.95 | 2.90 ± 4.14a (2.00) | −3.10 ± 2.40 | 1.65 (1.10) | ≤0.05 | 0.2242 | |
|
Follow‐up of moderate pockets detected at baseline Mean Number ± SD (%) | ||||||||
| PPD ≤ 3 mm | 90 days | 19.60 ± 9.33 (68.90) | – | 18.38 ± 8.80 (54.20) | – | 1.22 (14.70) | ≤0.05 | – |
| PPD ≥ 4 ≤ 6 mm | 90 days | 8.40 ± 5.39 (29.10) | – | 14.81 ± 10.54 (43.70) | – | 6.41 (14.60) | ≤0.05 | – |
| PD ≥ 7 mm | 90 days | 0.45 ± 1.23 (1.60) | – | 0.71 ± 1.30 (2.10) | – | 0.26 (0.40) | NS | – |
|
Follow‐up of deep pockets detected at baseline Mean Number ± SD (%) | ||||||||
| PPD ≤ 3 mm | 90 days | 3.25 ± 2.50 (58.00) | – | 1.33 ± 1.20 (22.20) | – | 1.92 (35.80) | ≤0.05 | – |
| PPD ≥ 4 ≤ 6 mm | 90 days | 1.65 ± 1.53 (29.50) | – | 2.8 ± 2.56 (46.80) | – | 1.15 (17.30) | ≤0.05 | – |
| PPD ≥ 7 mm | 90 days | 0.7 ± 1.42 (12.50) | – | 1.86 ± 2.85 (31.00) | – | 1.16 (18.50) | ≤0.05 | – |
PPD: probing pocket depth; CAL: clinical attachment level; GR: gingival recession; PI: plaque index; BOP: bleeding on probing; SD: standard deviation; OHI: oral hygiene instructions; Moderate pockets = PPD ≥ 4 ≤ 6 mm; Deep Pockets = PPD ≥ 7 mm; NS = no significant difference.
a
Significant difference when compared to baseline (repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test, p < 0.05).