Table 3.
Case definition of nodding syndrome according to Kampala 2012 consensus, applied to patients with head nodding seizures (nateera omutwe) identified in Kabende parish, western Uganda, March 1994–February 1996
| Patients identified in Kabende parish, western Uganda, 1994-1996 | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| –—————————Patient number———————— | ||||||||||||||||
| Case definition criteria (Kampala 2012 consensus) | 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | 6. | 7. | 8. | 9. | 10. | 11. | 12. | 13. | 14. | 15. | |
| Suspected case: reported head nodding in a previously healthy person | ||||||||||||||||
| Repetitive involuntary drops of the head on ≥ 2 occasions | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Previously healthy | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Probable case: suspected case with at least two major and one minor criteria | ||||||||||||||||
| Major criteria: | ||||||||||||||||
| Age 3–18 years at the onset of head nodding | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Nodding frequency 5–20 times/minute | [+] | [+] | [+] | [+] | [+] | [+] | [+] | [+] | [+] | [+] | [+] | [+] | [+] | [+] | [+] | |
| Minor criteria: | ||||||||||||||||
| Other neurologic abnormalities | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | − | + | − | − | − | + | − | |
| Clustering in space and time with similar cases | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Triggered by eating or cold water | − | + | + | − | − | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | |
| Delayed sexual or physical development | − | + | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | |
| Psychiatric manifestations | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | |
| Confirmed case: probable case with documented head nodding episodes | ||||||||||||||||
| Observed and recorded by a trained health-care worker | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | |
| Videotaped head nodding episode | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | |
| Video/electroencephalogram/electromyogram documenting head nodding as atonic seizure | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | |
+
= criterion recorded; [+] = criterion likely to be present but not explicitly recorded; − = criterion not recorded/not present.