Table 2. Scaled scores on D-KEFS tests for metacognition and executive functions (mean (SD)) of Dutch elite and sub-elite table tennis players (n = 60) compared to norm scores (M = 10, SD = 3).
| Total (n = 60) | t-value / p-value |
Elite players (n = 30) | t-value / p-value |
Sub-elite players (n = 30) |
t-value/ p-value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Design Fluency Test for metacognition (working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility) | ||||||
| DFT-1 | 13.1 (2.6)* | 9.054/ < .0001 | 13.4 (2.6)* | 7.208/ < .0001 | 12.3 (2.7)* | 5.619/ < .0001 |
| DFT-2 | 13.9 (2.4)* | 12.702/ < .0001 | 14.4 (2.5)* | 9.641/ < .0001 | 13.4 (2.2)* | 8.517/ < .0001 |
| DFT-3 | 13.0 (2.7)* | 8.536/ < .0001 | 13.1 (2.7)* | 6.127/ < .0001 | 12.8 (2.6)* | 5.857/ < .0001 |
| DFT-total | 13.9 (2.4)* | 12.554/ < .0001 | 14.5 (2.5)* | 9.963/ < .0001 | 13.3 (2.2)* | 8.118/ < .0001 |
| Colour Word Interference Test for inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility | ||||||
| CWI-3 Time | 11.6 (2.0)* | 6.299/ < .0001 | 11.7 (2.1)* | 4.594/ < .0001 | 11.5 (1.9)* | 4.253/ < .0001 |
| CWI-contrast 1 | 11.1 (1.9)* | 4.561/ < .0001 | 11.4 (2.0)* | 3.971/ < .0001 | 10.8 (1.8)* | 2.449/.021 |
| CWI-3 Number of mistakes | 11.6 (1.5)* | 7.972/ < .0001 | 12.1 (1.3)* | 9.332/ < .0001 | 11.0 (1.6)* | 3.476/.002 |
| CWI-4 Time | 11.6 (2.2)* | 5.668/ < .0001 | 12.2 (1.9)* | 6.145/ < .0001 | 11.1 (2.4)* | 2.498/.018 |
| CWI-contrast 2 | 11.2 (2.5)* | 3.637/.001 | 11.9 (1.9)* | 5.542/ < .0001 | 10.4 (2.8) | .790/.436 |
| CWI-4 Number of mistakes | 11.0 (1.6)* | 4.923/ < .0001 | 11.8 (1.3)* | 7.737/ < .0001 | 10.3 (1.6) | .928/.361 |
| Trail Making Test for cognitive flexibility | ||||||
| TMT-4 Time | 11.2 (2.4)* | 3.724/ < .0001 | 11.1 (2.2)* | 2.697/.012 | 11.2 (2.6)* | 2.549/.016 |
| TMT-contrast 1 | 8.6 (1.7)* | -6.527/ < .0001 | 8.5 (1.8)* | -4.629/ < .0001 | 8.7 (1.6)* | -4.551/ < .0001 |
| TMT-contrast 2 | 10.2 (1.9) | .961/.341 | 10.1 (1.9) | .283/.779 | 10.4 (1.8) | 1.087/.286 |
| TMT-contrast 3 | 9.8 (1.9) | -.947/.347 | 9.6 (1.8) | -1.087/.286 | 9.9 (2.0) | -.275/.785 |
| TMT-contrast 4 | 8.4 (2.3)* | -5.357/ < .0001 | 8.2 (2.3)* | -4.208/ < .0001 | 8.6 (2.3)* | -3.325/.002 |
| TMT-4 Number of mistakes | 11.0 (1.4)* | 5.252/ < .0001 | 10.7 (1.7)* | 2.391/.024 | 11.2 (1.1)* | 6.000/ < .0001 |
*Significant difference with norm score (p < 0.05).