Table 4. Selected relevant metabolites to demonstrate time-course responses to GNP exposure.
| Metabolite Category | Metabolite | 50GNPs vs Ct (1 hr) | 50GNPs vs Ct (3 hr) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p-Value | Log FC | p-Value | Log FC | ||
| Glutathione Metabolism | γ-Glu-Cys | 8.03E-07 | 20.86 | 1.67E-08 | 22.78 |
| (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione | 9.64E-09 | -16.99 | 2.34E-06 | 18.23 | |
| Pantothenate & CoA Biosynthesis | D-4'-Phosphopantothenate | 4.22E-08 | -18.71 | 2.49E-08 | -18.14 |
| Pantothenic Acid | 1.83E-07 | 16.86 | 3.48E-07 | 18.14 | |
| Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate (PAP) | 5.56E-08 | 17.66 | 9.84E-08 | 18.52 | |
| Arachidonic Acide Metabolism | 5S-HETE-d8 | 5.03E-06 | -18.32 | 5.78E-06 | -17.75 |
| 20-hydroxy-LTE4 | 7.57E-08 | 17.15 | 3.39E-08 | 17.71 | |
| Valyl-Gamma-glutamate | 1.23E-08 | -20.10 | 4.80E-09 | -19.53 | |
| S-2-(Indol-3-yl)acetyl-CoA | 3.41E-08 | -18.60 | 2.03E-08 | -18.03 | |
| Argine and proline metabolism | N4-Acetylaminobutanal | 7.49E-06 | -17.70 | 7.94E-06 | -17.13 |
| Retinyl beta-glucuronide | 6.07E-09 | -17.20 | 9.35E-10 | -16.63 | |
| Skimate/acetate-malonate pathway derived compounds | Isobatatasin I | 1.43E-08 | -16.99 | 4.87E-09 | -16.42 |
| Riboflavin Metabolism | Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) | 6.35E-05 | 2.50 | 7.53E-08 | -16.88 |
| Folate biosynthesis; One carbon pool by folate; vitamin digestion and absorption | Folic acid | 2.10E-08 | 20.41 | 4.73E-08 | 20.74 |
| Methionyl-Cysteine | 1.22E-05 | -18.04 | No Change | ||
| S-Nitroso-L-glutathione | 1.46E-07 | -17.79 | No Change | ||
| Pantothenate & CoA Biosynthesis | Pantetheine | 9.13E-07 | -17.55 | No Change | |
| Lysyl-Isoleucine | 3.54E-08 | -17.41 | No Change | ||
| 3-Methylene-indolenine | 1.08E-07 | -17.16 | No Change | ||
| Purine Metabolism | Guanine | 2.22E-07 | -17.30 | No Change | |
| Uric acid | 2.86E-04 | -2.08 | No Change | ||
| Tryptophan metabolism | Xanthurenic acid | 1.51E-04 | -2.40 | No Change | |
| Pyrimidine Metabolism | Uridine | 4.40E-05 | -1.50 | No Change | |
| Tryptophyl-Glycine | 4.07E-04 | -1.25 | No Change | ||
| 20-oxo-heneicosanoic acid | 5.13E-08 | 16.95 | No Change | ||
| CPA(18:0/0:0) | 3.21E-06 | 17.07 | No Change | ||
| Prolyl-Lysine | 9.14E-08 | 17.27 | No Change | ||
| Glutathione Metabolism | NADPH | 6.31E-06 | 17.75 | No Change | |
| Pyroglutamic acid | 2.63E-08 | 19.26 | No Change | ||
| Arginine biosynthesis | L-Arginine | No Change | 9.98E-09 | -18.88 | |
| Leucyl-Glutamate | No Change | 2.09E-08 | -17.45 | ||
| Isoleucyl-Glutamate | No Change | 1.02E-08 | -16.92 | ||
| Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction | Endomorphin-2 | No Change | 1.30E-07 | -16.65 | |
| Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) | No Change | 1.66E-04 | 3.23 | ||
| Pantothenate & CoA biosynthesis | D-Pantetheine 4'-phosphate | No Change | 8.84E-08 | 16.74 | |
| 6-Hydroxy-5-methoxyindole glucuronide | No Change | 1.18E-07 | 16.81 | ||
| Tyrosyl-Asparagine | No Change | 1.94E-07 | 16.89 | ||
| L-gamma-glutamyl-L-isoleucine | No Change | 9.80E-08 | 17.10 | ||
| Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 | 2,2-Dichloro-1,1-ethanediol | No Change | 3.30E-06 | 17.31 | |
| Vitamin B6 metabolism Vitamin digestion and absorption |
Pyridoxal (Vitamin B6) | No Change | 5.22E-07 | 17.60 | |
| Cystein and Methionine Metabolism | D-Cysteine | No Change | 1.71E-07 | 17.83 | |
| Norepinephrine sulfate | No Change | 1.26E-07 | 17.86 | ||
| Isoleucyl-Arginine | No Change | 1.46E-07 | 17.87 | ||
| Riboflavin Metabolism | Lumichrome | No Change | 9.57E-08 | 17.92 | |
| Tyrosyl-Gamma-glutamate | No Change | 3.64E-07 | 17.93 | ||
| Riboflavin Metabolism | 2,5-Diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5'-phosphoribosylamino)-pyrimidine | No Change | 6.05E-07 | 17.96 | |
| Naphthalene degradation Degradation of aromatic compounds |
2-Naphthoyl-CoA | No Change | 1.22E-07 | 18.08 | |
| Antibiotic | Lymecycline | No Change | 6.78E-08 | 18.13 | |
| Erythronic acid | No Change | 1.11E-05 | 18.24 | ||
| Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 | S-(2-Hydroxyethyl)glutathione | No Change | 5.78E-08 | 18.43 | |
| Purine Metabolism | Hypoxanthine | No Change | 9.47E-07 | 18.45 | |
| Limonene and pinene degradataion Degradation of aromatic compounds |
3-Isopropenylpimelyl-CoA | No Change | 4.07E-08 | 18.73 | |
Note: Ct: control; 50GNPs: 50 μg/mL GNPs; FC: fold change.