Table 3.
Comparison of seasonal FA:AA ratio (μg m−3/μg m−3) in the current study versus others.
| Mean seasonal FA:AA ratios (μg m−3/μg m−3) | Season | Sources of generation FA and AA | City | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.80 | Summer | Photochemical generation, higher ambient temperature and biogenic sources | Shiraz,Iran | This study |
| 2.43 | Winter | Traffic emission (primary sources), biogenic sources (coniferous and deciduous trees) | Shiraz,Iran | This study |
| 1.3–1.7 | Summer | Intense photochemical generation, Fuel containing of ethanol (hydrous ethanol or gasohol) and the high levels of solar radiation | Sao paulo, brazil | (Nogueira et al., 2017) |
| 0.90 | Winter | The low levels of solar radiation | Sao paulo, brazil | (Nogueira et al., 2017) |
| 2.4–2.6 | Summer | Secondary sources (photochemical generation) | Kuopio, Eastern Finland | (Viskari et al., 2000) |
| 2.1–2.6 | Winter | Traffic emission, biogenic sources or vegetation (both coniferous and deciduous trees), low sunlight irradiation, primary sources (direct vehicular emissions) and secondary sources (inversion) | Kuopio, Eastern Finland | (Viskari et al., 2000) |
| 1.2–2.3 | Spring | Traffic emission and biogenic sources or vegetation (both coniferous and deciduous trees) | Kuopio, Eastern Finland | (Viskari et al., 2000) |
| 2.2 | Summer | High atmospheric photooxidation of alkenes and alkanes | Denver, Colorado | (Anderson et al., 1996) |
| 1.5 | Winter | Low atmospheric photooxidation of alkenes and alkanes | Denver, Colorado | (Anderson et al., 1996) |
| 1.9 | Spring | Mean atmospheric photooxidation of alkenes and alkanes | Denver, Colorado | (Anderson et al., 1996) |
| 2.69 | Summer | Photochemical formation of carbonyls (in haze days) | Beijing, China | (Duan et al., 2012) |
| 2.3 | Summer | The biogenic source of carbonyl compounds and more intensive photochemistry in summer | Beijing (Peking University, in northwest urban),China | (Rao et al., 2016) |
| 1.3 | Winter | The anthropogenic source (traffic emission) | Beijing (Peking University, in northwest urban),China | (Rao et al., 2016) |
| 0.59–1.95 | Summer | Higher ambient temperature, the photochemical reactions and the relatively higher humidity | West Guangzhou (Liwan District), China | (Lü et al., 2010) |
| 0.73–1.64 | Winter | Vehicular exhaust | West Guangzhou (Liwan District), China | (Lü et al., 2010) |
| 0.35–1.49 | Spring | − | West Guangzhou (Liwan District), China | (Lü et al., 2010) |
| 0.27–1.02 | Autumn | − | West Guangzhou (Liwan District), China | (Lü et al., 2010) |
| 0.11–1.45 | Summer | Higher ambient temperature, photochemical generation and the relatively higher humidity | North-East Guangzhou (Tianhe District), China | (Lü et al., 2010) |
| 0.69–1.73 | Winter | vehicular exhaust | North-East Guangzhou (Tianhe District), China | (Lü et al., 2010) |
| 0.04–1.40 | Spring | − | North-East Guangzhou (Tianhe District), China | (Lü et al., 2010) |
| 0.69–1.06 | Autumn | − | North-East Guangzhou (Tianhe District), China | (Lu et al., 2010) |
| 3.1 | Summer | Photochemical production | Metropolitan Area of Sao Paulo (MASP), Brazil | (Nogueira et al., 2014) |
| 2.3 | summer | Photochemical production | Whiteface Mountain (WFM) in New York State | (Khwaja and Narang, 2008) |
| 2.27 | winter | Photochemical production | Algerian territory: Algiers and Ouargla, Algeria | (Cecinato et al., 2002) |
| 0.65 | Winter | Direct vehicle emissions | Metropolitan Area of Sao Paulo (MASP), Brazil | (Nogueira et al., 2014) |