Table 1.
Summary of Therapeutic TMS Studies for Adolescent Depression
| References | N | Mean Age (yrs) | Frequency | Intensity | Location | Clinical Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walter et al. 2001 | 4 | 16 | 1–10 Hz (variable) | 90–110% | LDLPFC | 2 responders (one non-responder had bipolar depression) |
| Loo et al. 2006 | 2 | 16 | 10 Hz | 110% | LDLPFC | 2 responders |
| Bloch et al. 2008 | 9 | 17 | 10 Hz | 80% | LDLPFC | 3 responders 1 partial responder |
| Wall et al. 2011 | 8 | 16 | 10 Hz | 120% | LDLPFC | 6 responders |
| Mayer et al. 2012 (3 year follow-up from Bloch et al. 2008 study) | 8 | 17 | 10 Hz | 80% | LDLPFC | Improvement in depressive symptoms was durable at follow-up |
| Le et al. 2013 | 25 | 11 | 1 Hz | 110% | SMA | Group level improvement in depressive symptoms |
| Yang et al. 2014 | 6 | 18 | 10 Hz | 120% | LDLPFC | 4 responders |
| Wall et al. 2016 | 10 | 15 | 10 Hz | 120% | LDLPFC | 6 responders |
| Farzan et al. 2017 | 16 | 21 | iTBS and cTBS | 80% | LDLPFC (iTBS) RDLPFC (cTBS) |
4 responders 9 partial responders |
| MacMaster et al. 2018 | 32 | 17 | 10 Hz | 120% | LDLPFC | 18 responders |
cTBS: continuous theta burst, Hz: hertz, iTBS: intermittent theta burst, LDLPFC: Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, RDLPFC: Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, SMA: Supplementary Motor Area