Table 1. Comparison of selected demographic and clinical variables in CAS clusters.
| Variable | Age (y) | Cas1 (N = 88) | Cas2 (N = 107) | Cas3 (N = 22) | P-value (unadjusted) | Feature? | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prop. (95% CI) | Prop. (95% CI) | Prop. (95% CI) | Overall | Cas1 vs. 2 | Cas1 vs. 3 | Cas2 vs. 3 | |||
| Sex = male | 55% (44–65%) | 51% (42–61%) | 86% (71–100%) | 7.3E-03 | 0.67 | 6.8E-03 | 3.7E-03 | Yes | |
| Maternal asthma | 51% (40–62%) | 41% (32–51%) | 59% (37–81%) | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.63 | 0.16 | Yes | |
| Paternal asthma | 22% (13–30%) | 44% (35–54%) | 23% (3.7–42%) | 2.2E-03 | 1.3E-03 | 1 | 0.093 | Yes | |
| Wheeze | 1 | 33% (23–43%) | 30% (21–39%) | 55% (32–77%) | 0.092 | 0.76 | 0.084 | 0.046 | No |
| 5 | 25% (15–35%) | 21% (13–30%) | 76% (56–96%) | 7.1E-06 | 0.59 | 2.6E-05 | 3.4E-06 | No | |
| 10 | 12% (3.4–21%) | 18% (8.4–27%) | 50% (24–76%) | 3.1E-03 | 0.46 | 1.5E-03 | 0.011 | No | |
| Asthma | 5 | 15% (7–23%) | 13% (5.9–20%) | 52% (29–76%) | 4.1E-04 | 0.83 | 7.7E-04 | 2.1E-04 | No |
| 10 | 10% (2.3–18%) | 15% (6.1–23%) | 56% (30–81%) | 2.6E-04 | 0.59 | 1.8E-04 | 7.9E-04 | No | |
| Eczema | 6m | 39% (28–49%) | 45% (35–54%) | 91% (78–100%) | 2.4E-05 | 0.47 | 7.9E-06 | 9.0E-05 | Yes |
| 1 | 34% (24–44%) | 30% (21–39%) | 82% (64–99%) | 2.5E-05 | 0.54 | 7.2E-05 | 1.4E-05 | Yes | |
| 5 | 28% (18–37%) | 24% (16–33%) | 71% (50–92%) | 2.1E-04 | 0.73 | 3.3E-04 | 7.9E-05 | No | |
| Atopic rhinoconjunctivitis | 5 | 30% (20–40%) | 39% (29–49%) | 76% (56–96%) | 6.4E-04 | 0.21 | 2.7E-04 | 3.2E-03 | No |
| Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Overall | Cas1 vs. 2 | Cas1 vs. 3 | Cas2 vs. 3 | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 3 | 16 (16–17) | 16 (16–17) | 16 (16–17) | 0.86 | 0.65 | 0.68 | 0.8 | No* |
| 4 | 16 (16–17) | 16 (16–16) | 17 (16–17) | 0.59 | 0.76 | 0.32 | 0.39 | No | |
| 5 | 16 (16–16) | 16 (16–16) | 16 (15–17) | 0.71 | 0.56 | 0.48 | 0.67 | No | |
| 10 | 18 (17–19) | 18 (17–18) | 18 (17–19) | 0.89 | 0.75 | 1 | 0.62 | No | |
| Number of older siblings | 0 | 0.93 (0.72–1.1) | 0.53 (0.38–0.69) | 0.77 (0.32–1.2) | 4.5E-03 | 1.0E-03 | 0.37 | 0.25 | Yes |
| 2 | 0.85 (0.66–1) | 0.5 (0.34–0.65) | 0.77 (0.32–1.2) | 2.8E-03 | 6.5E-04 | 0.48 | 0.16 | Yes | |
| 5 | 0.68 (0.5–0.85) | 0.39 (0.25–0.54) | 0.67 (0.23–1.1) | 0.016 | 5.1E-03 | 0.75 | 0.12 | No | |
| Geom. mean (95% CI) | Geom. mean (95% CI) | Geom. mean (95% CI) | Overall | Cas1 vs. 2 | Cas1 vs. 3 | Cas2 vs. 3 | |||
| Vitamin D (nmol/L) | 1 | 60 (55–64) | 59 (55–63) | 59 (52–67) | 0.93 | 0.98 | 0.76 | 0.7 | No |
| 2 | 57 (54–61) | 58 (55–61) | 47 (40–55) | 0.012 | 0.82 | 5.4E-03 | 4.4E-03 | No | |
| 5 | 89 (83–95) | 84 (79–89) | 77 (69–84) | 0.057 | 0.46 | 0.016 | 0.056 | No | |
BMI = body mass index; feature?=whether variable was used as a clustering feature or not; geom. mean = geometric mean; prop. = proportion. For categorical variables, associations were tested using Fisher exact test; for continuous variables, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon. Bold text indicates statistical significance (p<0.05); italics indicate near-significance (p<0.10). *Not used as clustering feature, as BMI is a derived variable. Height and weight at age three were used instead.