Table 4.

Results of univariable analyses for occurrence of hemoptysis

Variable	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p-value
Gender (male vs female)	1.723 (0.698–4.256)	0.238
Age (≤60 vs > 60 years)	0.488 (0.201–1.183)	0.112
Target size (cm)	0.103 (0.003–3.413)	0.203
Patient’s position (prone vs supine)	1.916 (0.681–5.393)	0.218
Target location (upper or middle lobe vs lower lobe)	1.445 (0.601–3.473)	0.410
Visibility on fluoroscopy (invisible vs visible)	1.582 (0.560–4.465)	0.386
Target characteristics (solid vs subsolid)	1.188 (0.140–10.115)	0.875
PTTD (≤2 vs > 2 cm)	0.688 (0.278–1.699)	0.417
Biopsy method (fine needle aspiration vs core biopsy)	N/Aa	1.000b
Presence of emphysema (absence vs presence)	N/Aa	0.084b

CI, confidence interval; N/A, not applicable; PTTD, pleura to target distance.

^aOne cell had zero value in cross-table analysis.

^bFisher's exact test.