Table 4.
Association between One Carbon Metabolism-Related Nutrient Intake and Diabetes-related Outcomes
| Variable | Relative Risk for Metabolic Syndrome (n=935) |
Mean Difference in Waist Circumference (N=1458) |
Relative Risk for Diabetes (n=1458) |
GMR for HOMA2-IR (n=1458) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin B6 (mg)a | ||||
| <1.2 | 1 (Reference) | (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| 1.2 – <1.8 | 1.17 (0.89 1.53) | 1.18 (−1.21, 3.57) | 1.28 (0.82 2.00) | 1.07 (0.98, 1.17) |
| 1.8 – <2.7 | 1.08 (0.81 1.43) | 1.33 (−1.08, 3.74) | 1.00 (0.62 1.63) | 0.98 (0.89, 1.07) |
| ≥2.7 | 1.40 (1.06 1.85) | 0.47 (−1.94, 2.88) | 1.72 (1.13 2.61) | 1.07 (0.98, 1.18) |
| IQR | 1.15 (1.02 1.29) | 0.03 (−1.01, 1.07) | 1.28 (1.10 1.48) | 1.04 (1.00, 1.08) |
| Vitamin B2 (mg)a | ||||
| <1.2 | 1 (Reference) | (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| 1.2 – <1.8 | 1.08 (0.80 1.44) | 0.13 (−2.26, 2.51) | 1.23 (0.80 1.90) | 0.97 (0.88, 1.06) |
| 1.8 – <2.8 | 1.26 (0.96 1.65) | 0.16 (−2.25, 2.57) | 1.17 (0.75 1.82) | 1.00 (0.91, 1.09) |
| ≥2.8 | 0.93 (0.69 1.27) | −1.83 (−4.24, 0.58) | 1.53 (1.00 2.34) | 1.02 (0.93, 1.12) |
| IQR | 1.01 (0.89 1.14) | −0.95 (−2.01, 0.12) | 1.21 (1.03 1.41) | 1.01 (0.97, 1.05) |
| Folate (μg)a | ||||
| <234 | 1 (Reference) | (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| 234 - <355 | 0.83 (0.63 1.10) | 1.48 (−0.89, 3.86) | 1.08 (0.71 1.63) | 0.95 (0.87, 1.04) |
| 355 - <560 | 1.03 (0.78 1.35) | 2.11 (−0.27, 4.50) | 1.35 (0.88 2.05) | 1.00 (0.91, 1.09) |
| ≥560 | 0.97 (0.74 1.26) | −0.70 (−3.13, 1.73) | 1.27 (0.83 1.94) | 1.05 (0.96, 1.15) |
| IQR | 1.02 (0.90 1.15) | −0.93 (−1.96, 0.11) | 1.15 (0.97 1.36) | 1.01 (0.97, 1.05) |
a
Vitamins are calorie-corrected
Models adjusted for age, gender, center, education, BMI, kidney function, smoking status, drinking status.
Abbreviations: GMR (geometric mean ratio);
HOMA2-IR (homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance)